tl;dr: Let's add class="skintimestamp-YYYYMMDD" to <body> in all skins, so we can make HTML+CSS changes without breaking the sites.
[Resending as it doesn't seem to have gotten through the first time.]
We need HTML versioning information needed in skins to be able to cleanly make incompatible CSS changes.
In the Wikimedia setup generated page HTML is cached for ~30 days regardless of skin HTML changes, while CSS&JS is purged at most a few minutes after a change is deployed.
This is a highly suboptimal situation, as this means that in every change that modifies both the HTML and the CSS, the CSS must be backwards-compatible with old HTML. This requires a lot of care and additional awkward testing and causes major issues when not done carefully enough (e.g. bug 42452), and sometimes just isn't possible at all unless some transitional hacks are inserted (e.g. bug 46947).
Luckily this isn't an issue for most third-party wikis, as `php update.php` after upgrade purges the cache entirely.
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I'm proposing adding another class to <body>, "skintimestamp-YYYYMMDD", where YYYYMMDD is the year, month and day of the time that given skin's HTML was last modified in an incompatible way. Day should be enough granularity to avoid conflicts while keeping the class name short enough.
This can be easily done using the addToBodyAttributes() method of the Skin class. The timestamp would be updated manually by whoever is making those changes, and the class could be used in the CSS to only apply new styles to newly generated HTML. Older styles could be simply left intact, and then removed after enough time has passed.
If multiple incompatible changes are ever done in overlapping time periods, the successive ones would include updates to the "old new" styles to use both the new and old class.
Thoughts?
[Bug for this is https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/show_bug.cgi?id=46956 , but let's keep the discussion here, please.]