Date: Tue, 3 Apr 2007 13:09:50 -0700 From: "phoebe ayers" phoebe.wiki@gmail.com
A nice example :)
Well, the OED, generally recognized as the gold standard in etymology, lists the first use of the term in a figurative sense ("leading to disaster") in 1951: *"1951* J. FLEMINGhttp://dictionary.oed.com/help/bib/oed2-f.html#j-fleming *Man who looked Back* x. 132 You go off down the slippery slope; it'll do you good." There are two more quotations, one from 1964 and one form 1979. There are of course earlier uses of the phrase but they are not meant in the same way. Seems to me that to really make your case based on your original research in the NYT, you'd need to check every single use of the citation to make sure they were talking about a slippery slope (figuratively, as in leading to disaster) and not a slippery slope (literally). Did you do this?
I made a sort of loosy-goosy due-diligence effort.
There were really two questions here. One was: what are some example of early uses in its present sense. That's sort of a separate topic. The second is: despite the fact that there _are_ early uses in its present sense, its use exploded circa 1980 or so. Based on casual sampling, virtually all uses after 1980 are in the present figurative sense. (Before that, quite a lot of them are not).
If I search _only_ for articles in which the phrase "slippery slope" appears _in the title_, the very first such reference is in 1943, and is to a literal use: "Dauntless Is the Skier Seeking Snow; The Uncertainties of Travel Fail to Halt His Quest for Slippery Slopes as Shown by a Railroad Trip to Snow Valley Above Manchester, Vt." The next nine span 1963 to 1988, and all are, I claim, I judge, I opine, the modern use. "Russia and China Edge Down a Slippery Slope;" "The Nation; U.S. and Cambodia: Down the 'Slippery Slope' Again?;" "On the Slippery Slope To Another Vietnam," etc.
So, again, what would you do here? State the common-sense inference ("the very first such reference is in 1943, and is to a literal use; the next nine span 1963 to 1988 and are all the modern use," and give title, date, and page of all ten in a footnote? Surely not: put title, date, page of all ten in the article itself?
With regard to the OED and first use in its present sense, why yes, I know better than that edition of the OED. First of all, William Safire gives a 1909 example in a 2002 column:
"The key task of the phrasedick is to find earliest uses of ["slippery slope"] in its present sense of "a course that leads inexorably to disaster." The OED tracks it to a 1951 novel, but new retrieval technology lets us do better than that.... We have this 1857 use from Chambers' Journal: "When the educated person of the middle class is reduced to pennilessness... what but this gives him the desire to struggle again up the slippery slope of fortune?" In both of these citations, the meaning is closer to "the greasy pole...." The current sense... probably surfaced in the early 20th century, possibly in an article by a writer in a 1909 Quarterly Review, published in London: "the first step down that slippery slope at the bottom of which lies a parliamentary government."
But new retrieval technology, namely Google Books, lets me do better than Safire.
I found an 1878 reference by one Bernard O'Reilly: "It is not with them we are concerned: they will not be taught or reformed; so, they will go down the steep and slippery slope on which the heartless move, to perdition!"
I think that's unquestionably an example of usage to mean "a course that leads inexorably to disaster." (Of course, I'd never draw such an inference; I'd just quote it and let the reader decide. The reference is: The Mirror of True Womanhood, A Book of Instruction for Women in the World, 2nd Edition, Dublin, M. H. Gill and Son, "Reprinted from the Thirteenth American Edition." p. 136." Actually the question of the year is complicated because the Google Books image is from an 1883 edition, but the 1883 edition says it's from the Thirteenth American Edition, which was published in 1878. Whether it was in earlier editions I don't know. But it's older than 1951 and by golly it's older than 1909.
And I found an 1837 reference that does not actually use the phrase "slippery slope," but does say: "There are points where the Christian must always stand on guard. His danger is seldom found in gross offenses... but in small indulgences, and weak compliances, where conscience rather doubts, than condemns. These gradually draw him nearer and nearer to the world, till the line of separation is lost. Many a Christian has glided down this slope to perdition." Osler, Edward (1837), Church and King," Smith, Elder and Co., London, p. 13
on 4/3/07 6:27 PM, Daniel P. B. Smith at wikipedia2006@dpbsmith.com wrote:
I made a sort of loosy-goosy due-diligence effort.
There were really two questions here. One was: what are some example of early uses in its present sense. That's sort of a separate topic. The second is: despite the fact that there _are_ early uses in its present sense, its use exploded circa 1980 or so. Based on casual sampling, virtually all uses after 1980 are in the present figurative sense. (Before that, quite a lot of them are not).
If I search _only_ for articles in which the phrase "slippery slope" appears _in the title_, the very first such reference is in 1943, and is to a literal use: "Dauntless Is the Skier Seeking Snow; The Uncertainties of Travel Fail to Halt His Quest for Slippery Slopes as Shown by a Railroad Trip to Snow Valley Above Manchester, Vt." The next nine span 1963 to 1988, and all are, I claim, I judge, I opine, the modern use. "Russia and China Edge Down a Slippery Slope;" "The Nation; U.S. and Cambodia: Down the 'Slippery Slope' Again?;" "On the Slippery Slope To Another Vietnam," etc.
So, again, what would you do here? State the common-sense inference ("the very first such reference is in 1943, and is to a literal use; the next nine span 1963 to 1988 and are all the modern use," and give title, date, and page of all ten in a footnote? Surely not: put title, date, page of all ten in the article itself?
With regard to the OED and first use in its present sense, why yes, I know better than that edition of the OED. First of all, William Safire gives a 1909 example in a 2002 column:
"The key task of the phrasedick is to find earliest uses of ["slippery slope"] in its present sense of "a course that leads inexorably to disaster." The OED tracks it to a 1951 novel, but new retrieval technology lets us do better than that.... We have this 1857 use from Chambers' Journal: "When the educated person of the middle class is reduced to pennilessness... what but this gives him the desire to struggle again up the slippery slope of fortune?" In both of these citations, the meaning is closer to "the greasy pole...." The current sense... probably surfaced in the early 20th century, possibly in an article by a writer in a 1909 Quarterly Review, published in London: "the first step down that slippery slope at the bottom of which lies a parliamentary government."
But new retrieval technology, namely Google Books, lets me do better than Safire.
I found an 1878 reference by one Bernard O'Reilly: "It is not with them we are concerned: they will not be taught or reformed; so, they will go down the steep and slippery slope on which the heartless move, to perdition!"
I think that's unquestionably an example of usage to mean "a course that leads inexorably to disaster." (Of course, I'd never draw such an inference; I'd just quote it and let the reader decide. The reference is: The Mirror of True Womanhood, A Book of Instruction for Women in the World, 2nd Edition, Dublin, M. H. Gill and Son, "Reprinted from the Thirteenth American Edition." p. 136." Actually the question of the year is complicated because the Google Books image is from an 1883 edition, but the 1883 edition says it's from the Thirteenth American Edition, which was published in 1878. Whether it was in earlier editions I don't know. But it's older than 1951 and by golly it's older than 1909.
And I found an 1837 reference that does not actually use the phrase "slippery slope," but does say: "There are points where the Christian must always stand on guard. His danger is seldom found in gross offenses... but in small indulgences, and weak compliances, where conscience rather doubts, than condemns. These gradually draw him nearer and nearer to the world, till the line of separation is lost. Many a Christian has glided down this slope to perdition." Osler, Edward (1837), Church and King," Smith, Elder and Co., London, p. 13
Daniel,
Great job of research. Thanks for this.
Marc Riddell
On 4/3/07, Daniel P. B. Smith wikipedia2006@dpbsmith.com wrote:
Date: Tue, 3 Apr 2007 13:09:50 -0700 From: "phoebe ayers" phoebe.wiki@gmail.com
A nice example :)
Well, the OED, generally recognized as the gold standard in etymology, lists the first use of the term in a figurative sense ("leading to disaster") in 1951: *"1951* J. FLEMINGhttp://dictionary.oed.com/help/bib/oed2-f.html#j-fleming *Man who looked Back* x. 132 You go off down the slippery slope; it'll do you good." There are two more quotations, one from 1964 and one form 1979. There are of course earlier uses of the phrase but they are not meant in the same way. Seems to me that to really make your case based on your
<snip>
But new retrieval technology, namely Google Books, lets me do better than Safire.
I found an 1878 reference by one Bernard O'Reilly: "It is not with them we are concerned: they will not be taught or reformed; so, they will go down the steep and slippery slope on which the heartless move, to perdition!"
I think that's unquestionably an example of usage to mean "a course that leads inexorably to disaster." (Of course, I'd never draw such an inference; I'd just quote it and let the reader decide. The reference is: The Mirror of True Womanhood, A Book of Instruction for Women in the World, 2nd Edition, Dublin, M. H. Gill and Son, "Reprinted from the Thirteenth American Edition." p. 136." Actually the question of the year is complicated because the Google Books image is from an 1883 edition, but the 1883 edition says it's from the Thirteenth American Edition, which was published in 1878. Whether it was in earlier editions I don't know. But it's older than 1951 and by golly it's older than 1909.
And I found an 1837 reference that does not actually use the phrase "slippery slope," but does say: "There are points where the Christian must always stand on guard. His danger is seldom found in gross offenses... but in small indulgences, and weak compliances, where conscience rather doubts, than condemns. These gradually draw him nearer and nearer to the world, till the line of separation is lost. Many a Christian has glided down this slope to perdition." Osler, Edward (1837), Church and King," Smith, Elder and Co., London, p. 13
Well, it should be pointed out that the OED* lists the first figurative use of "slippery" in 1586: "*1586 * SIDNEYhttp://dictionary.oed.com/help/bib/oed2-s2.html#sidney *Arcadia* III. (1605) 235 The ground he stood vpon being..slippery through affection, he could not hold himselfe from falling into such an error." There are several other uses of slippery in a similar meaning (figuratively treacherous). This is slightly later than the date of 1570 given for the first reference to "slippery," meaning unreliable, given in a book called "English through the Ages" by one William Brohaugh (pub. 1998). I didn't track down any more information on the etymology of slippery slope, but did find a reference to it (in the "course leading to disaster" sense) in a 1983 "Oxford Dictionary of Current Idiomatic English".
At any rate, Google Books is nice for searching but shouldn't be considered anything like definitive; much like Wikipedia, they are in the midst of building their collection and are very much 'unfinished'. As we speak, they are pulling truckloads of books out of library storage for scanning; I'd check back and run your search again in a few months.
-- phoebe
* the online edition, which is the current revision, or what's known as the 3rd ed.
Daniel P. B. Smith wrote:
Date: Tue, 3 Apr 2007 13:09:50 -0700 From: "phoebe ayers" phoebe.wiki@gmail.com
A nice example :)
Well, the OED, generally recognized as the gold standard in etymology, lists the first use of the term in a figurative sense ("leading to disaster") in 1951: *"1951* J. FLEMINGhttp://dictionary.oed.com/help/bib/oed2-f.html#j-fleming *Man who looked Back* x. 132 You go off down the slippery slope; it'll do you good." There are two more quotations, one from 1964 and one form 1979. There are of course earlier uses of the phrase but they are not meant in the same way. Seems to me that to really make your case based on your original research in the NYT, you'd need to check every single use of the citation to make sure they were talking about a slippery slope (figuratively, as in leading to disaster) and not a slippery slope (literally). Did you do this?
I made a sort of loosy-goosy due-diligence effort.
There were really two questions here. One was: what are some example of early uses in its present sense. That's sort of a separate topic. The second is: despite the fact that there _are_ early uses in its present sense, its use exploded circa 1980 or so. Based on casual sampling, virtually all uses after 1980 are in the present figurative sense. (Before that, quite a lot of them are not).
If I search _only_ for articles in which the phrase "slippery slope" appears _in the title_, the very first such reference is in 1943, and is to a literal use: "Dauntless Is the Skier Seeking Snow; The Uncertainties of Travel Fail to Halt His Quest for Slippery Slopes as Shown by a Railroad Trip to Snow Valley Above Manchester, Vt." The next nine span 1963 to 1988, and all are, I claim, I judge, I opine, the modern use. "Russia and China Edge Down a Slippery Slope;" "The Nation; U.S. and Cambodia: Down the 'Slippery Slope' Again?;" "On the Slippery Slope To Another Vietnam," etc.
So, again, what would you do here? State the common-sense inference ("the very first such reference is in 1943, and is to a literal use; the next nine span 1963 to 1988 and are all the modern use," and give title, date, and page of all ten in a footnote? Surely not: put title, date, page of all ten in the article itself?
With regard to the OED and first use in its present sense, why yes, I know better than that edition of the OED. First of all, William Safire gives a 1909 example in a 2002 column:
"The key task of the phrasedick is to find earliest uses of ["slippery slope"] in its present sense of "a course that leads inexorably to disaster." The OED tracks it to a 1951 novel, but new retrieval technology lets us do better than that.... We have this 1857 use from Chambers' Journal: "When the educated person of the middle class is reduced to pennilessness... what but this gives him the desire to struggle again up the slippery slope of fortune?" In both of these citations, the meaning is closer to "the greasy pole...." The current sense... probably surfaced in the early 20th century, possibly in an article by a writer in a 1909 Quarterly Review, published in London: "the first step down that slippery slope at the bottom of which lies a parliamentary government."
But new retrieval technology, namely Google Books, lets me do better than Safire.
I found an 1878 reference by one Bernard O'Reilly: "It is not with them we are concerned: they will not be taught or reformed; so, they will go down the steep and slippery slope on which the heartless move, to perdition!"
I think that's unquestionably an example of usage to mean "a course that leads inexorably to disaster." (Of course, I'd never draw such an inference; I'd just quote it and let the reader decide. The reference is: The Mirror of True Womanhood, A Book of Instruction for Women in the World, 2nd Edition, Dublin, M. H. Gill and Son, "Reprinted from the Thirteenth American Edition." p. 136." Actually the question of the year is complicated because the Google Books image is from an 1883 edition, but the 1883 edition says it's from the Thirteenth American Edition, which was published in 1878. Whether it was in earlier editions I don't know. But it's older than 1951 and by golly it's older than 1909.
And I found an 1837 reference that does not actually use the phrase "slippery slope," but does say: "There are points where the Christian must always stand on guard. His danger is seldom found in gross offenses... but in small indulgences, and weak compliances, where conscience rather doubts, than condemns. These gradually draw him nearer and nearer to the world, till the line of separation is lost. Many a Christian has glided down this slope to perdition." Osler, Edward (1837), Church and King," Smith, Elder and Co., London, p. 13
A wonderful piece of research! It's the kind of thing that should be in Wiktionary.
It might be interesting to investigate the similar term "slippery ground".
Ec