I'm with Schulz on some of these choices (Nabokov's "(picnic, lightning)", Camus' use of heat in THE STRANGER), but the Woolf is a harder sell (it's not weather but a weather forecast). Also, I distinctly remember a certain storm on a heath.
https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/the-ten-best-weather-events-in-f...
Love,
Mike