In political philosophy, a throffer is a proposal that mixes an offer with a threat which will be carried out if the offer is not accepted. The term was first used in print by political philosopher Hillel Steiner, and while other writers followed, it has not been universally adopted. An example (pictured) is "Kill this man and I'll pay you—fail to kill him and I'll kill you instead." Steiner differentiated offers, threats and throffers based on the preferability of compliance and non- compliance for the subject compared to the normal course of events that would have come about were no intervention made, although this approach has been criticised. Throffers form part of the wider moral and political considerations of coercion, and form part of the question of the possibility of coercive offers. The theoretical concerns surrounding throffers have been practically applied concerning workfare programmes, where individuals receiving social welfare have their aid decreased if they refuse the offer of work or education. Several writers have also observed that throffers presented to people convicted of crimes, particularly sex offenders, can result in more lenient sentences if they accept medical treatment.
Read more: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throffer
_______________________________ Today's selected anniversaries:
1459:
Yorkist forces led by Richard Neville defeated Lancastrian troops at the Battle of Blore Heath in Staffordshire, England, the first major battle of the Wars of the Roses. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Blore_Heath
1868:
Ramón Emeterio Betances led the Grito de Lares, a revolt against Spanish rule in Puerto Rico. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Emeterio_Betances
1899:
Philippine-American War: The American Asiatic Squadron destroyed a Filipino artillery battery in Olongapo. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Olongapo
1983:
A bomb placed by the Abu Nidal organisation destroyed Gulf Air Flight 771, flying from Karachi, Pakistan, to Abu Dhabi, UAE, killing all 110 people aboard. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_Air_Flight_771
2008:
A gunman shot and killed ten students at Seinäjoki University of Applied Sciences in Kauhajoki, Western Finland, before committing suicide. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kauhajoki_school_shooting
_____________________________ Wiktionary's word of the day:
analemma: An egg-shaped or figure-eight curve that results when the Sun's position in the sky is plotted out over the year. https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/analemma
___________________________ Wikiquote quote of the day:
Soul is when you take a song and make it a part of you — a part that's so true, so real, people think it must have happened to you. … It's like electricity — we don't really know what it is, do we? But it's a force that can light a room. Soul is like electricity, like a spirit, a drive, a power. --Ray Charles https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Ray_Charles
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