In political philosophy, a throffer is a proposal that mixes an offer
with a threat which will be carried out if the offer is not accepted.
The term was first used in print by political philosopher Hillel
Steiner, and while other writers followed, it has not been universally
adopted. An example (pictured) is "Kill this man and I'll pay you—fail
to kill him and I'll kill you instead." Steiner differentiated offers,
threats and throffers based on the preferability of compliance and non-
compliance for the subject compared to the normal course of events that
would have come about were no intervention made, although this approach
has been criticised. Throffers form part of the wider moral and
political considerations of coercion, and form part of the question of
the possibility of coercive offers. The theoretical concerns surrounding
throffers have been practically applied concerning workfare programmes,
where individuals receiving social welfare have their aid decreased if
they refuse the offer of work or education. Several writers have also
observed that throffers presented to people convicted of crimes,
particularly sex offenders, can result in more lenient sentences if they
accept medical treatment.
Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throffer>
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Today's selected anniversaries:
1459:
Yorkist forces led by Richard Neville defeated Lancastrian
troops at the Battle of Blore Heath in Staffordshire, England, the first
major battle of the Wars of the Roses.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Blore_Heath>
1868:
Ramón Emeterio Betances led the Grito de Lares, a revolt
against Spanish rule in Puerto Rico.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Emeterio_Betances>
1899:
Philippine-American War: The American Asiatic Squadron
destroyed a Filipino artillery battery in Olongapo.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Olongapo>
1983:
A bomb placed by the Abu Nidal organisation destroyed Gulf Air
Flight 771, flying from Karachi, Pakistan, to Abu Dhabi, UAE, killing
all 110 people aboard.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_Air_Flight_771>
2008:
A gunman shot and killed ten students at Seinäjoki University
of Applied Sciences in Kauhajoki, Western Finland, before committing
suicide.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kauhajoki_school_shooting>
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Wiktionary's word of the day:
analemma:
An egg-shaped or figure-eight curve that results when the Sun's position
in the sky is plotted out over the year.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/analemma>
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Wikiquote quote of the day:
Soul is when you take a song and make it a part of you — a part
that's so true, so real, people think it must have happened to you. …
It's like electricity — we don't really know what it is, do we? But
it's a force that can light a room. Soul is like electricity, like a
spirit, a drive, a power.
--Ray Charles
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Ray_Charles>