Ivan Alexander ruled as Emperor (Tsar) of Bulgaria from 1331 to 1371, during the Second Bulgarian Empire. The date of his birth is unknown. He died on February 17, 1371. The long reign of Ivan Alexander is considered a transitional period in Bulgarian medieval history. Ivan Alexander began his rule by dealing with internal problems and external threats from Bulgaria's neighbours, the Byzantine Empire and Serbia, as well as leading his empire into a period of economic recovery and cultural and religious renaissance. However, the emperor was later unable to cope with the mounting incursions of Ottoman forces, Hungarian invasions from the northwest and the Black Death. In an ill-fated attempt to combat these problems, he divided the country between his two sons, thus forcing it to face the imminent Ottoman conquest weakened and divided.

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_______________________________ Today's selected anniversaries:

1867: U.S. Secretary of State William H. Seward negotiated the purchase of Alaska for US$7.2 million from Russia. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_H._Seward)

1912: Sultan Abdelhafid signed the Treaty of Fez, making Morocco a French protectorate. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Morocco)

1940: World War II: Wang Jingwei was installed by Japan as head of the puppet government in China. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang_Jingwei)

1961: The Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, an international treaty aimed against the illicit manufacture and trafficking of narcotic drugs, was signed. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_Convention_on_Narcotic_Drugs)

1981: John Hinckley, Jr. shot and wounded U.S. President Ronald Reagan and three others outside the Washington Hilton Hotel in Washington, D.C. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reagan_assassination_attempt)

_____________________ Wikiquote of the day:

Accept the truth from whatever source it comes. -- Maimonides (http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Maimonides)