Tutupaca is a volcano complex in Tacna, the southernmost region of Peru. It is in the Central Volcanic Zone, one of several volcanic belts in the Andes, where the subduction of the Nazca Plate beneath the South American Plate causes volcanic activity. Tutupaca consists of three overlapping volcanoes formed by lava flows and lava domes made out of andesite and dacite, which grew on top of older volcanic rocks. It features geothermal manifestations with fumaroles and hot springs. Its highest peak is usually reported to be 5,815 metres (19,078 ft), and was glaciated in the past. Tutupaca became active about 700,000 years ago. Several volcanoes in Peru have been active in recent times, including Tutupaca; one of these generated a large debris avalanche when it collapsed, probably in 1802, with pyroclastic flows and an eruption that was among the largest in Peru for which there are historical records.

Read more: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutupaca

_______________________________ Today's selected anniversaries:

1931:

Ethiopian Emperor Haile Selassie signed the nation's first constitution, intended to officially replace the Fetha Nagast, which had been the supreme law since the Middle Ages. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931_Constitution_of_Ethiopia

1945:

Manhattan Project: Trinity, the first nuclear test explosion, was carried out near Alamogordo, New Mexico. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity_%28nuclear_test%29

1965:

South Vietnamese Colonel Phạm Ngọc Thảo—an undetected communist spy—was reported dead due to injuries sustained during his capture, but it is generally assumed he was tortured to death. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A1m_Ng%E1%BB%8Dc_Th%E1%BA%A3o

2013:

At least 23 students died and dozens more fell ill at a primary school in the village of Dharmashati Gandaman in the Saran district of the Indian state of Bihar after eating a Midday Meal contaminated with pesticide. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bihar_school_meal_poisoning_incident

_____________________________ Wiktionary's word of the day:

wristlet: 1. An elastic band worn to keep a glove from slipping off the wrist. 2. A decorative band or bracelet that encircles the wearer's wrist; especially, a closely knitted one to keep it warm; a muffetee. 3. A small handbag with a short strap for attaching it to the wearer's wrist. 4. A handcuff. https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wristlet

___________________________ Wikiquote quote of the day:

11 … 10 ... 9 … ignition sequence start … 6 … 5 … 4 … 3… 2 … 1 … 0. All engine running. Liftoff! We have a liftoff — 32 minutes past the hour — lift off on Apollo 11. Tower cleared.   --Jack King https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Jack_King_%28NASA%29