Tutupaca is a volcano complex in Tacna, the southernmost region of Peru.
It is in the Central Volcanic Zone, one of several volcanic belts in the
Andes, where the subduction of the Nazca Plate beneath the South
American Plate causes volcanic activity. Tutupaca consists of three
overlapping volcanoes formed by lava flows and lava domes made out of
andesite and dacite, which grew on top of older volcanic rocks. It
features geothermal manifestations with fumaroles and hot springs. Its
highest peak is usually reported to be 5,815 metres (19,078 ft), and
was glaciated in the past. Tutupaca became active about 700,000 years
ago. Several volcanoes in Peru have been active in recent times,
including Tutupaca; one of these generated a large debris avalanche when
it collapsed, probably in 1802, with pyroclastic flows and an eruption
that was among the largest in Peru for which there are historical
records.
Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutupaca>
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Today's selected anniversaries:
1931:
Ethiopian Emperor Haile Selassie signed the nation's first
constitution, intended to officially replace the Fetha Nagast, which had
been the supreme law since the Middle Ages.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931_Constitution_of_Ethiopia>
1945:
Manhattan Project: Trinity, the first nuclear test explosion,
was carried out near Alamogordo, New Mexico.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity_%28nuclear_test%29>
1965:
South Vietnamese Colonel Phạm Ngọc Thảo—an undetected
communist spy—was reported dead due to injuries sustained during his
capture, but it is generally assumed he was tortured to death.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A1m_Ng%E1%BB%8Dc_Th%E1%BA%A3o>
2013:
At least 23 students died and dozens more fell ill at a primary
school in the village of Dharmashati Gandaman in the Saran district of
the Indian state of Bihar after eating a Midday Meal contaminated with
pesticide.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bihar_school_meal_poisoning_incident>
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Wiktionary's word of the day:
wristlet:
1. An elastic band worn to keep a glove from slipping off the wrist.
2. A decorative band or bracelet that encircles the wearer's wrist;
especially, a closely knitted one to keep it warm; a muffetee.
3. A small handbag with a short strap for attaching it to the wearer's
wrist.
4. A handcuff.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wristlet>
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Wikiquote quote of the day:
11 … 10 ... 9 … ignition sequence start … 6 … 5 … 4 …
3… 2 … 1 … 0. All engine running. Liftoff! We have a liftoff —
32 minutes past the hour — lift off on Apollo 11. Tower cleared.
--Jack King
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Jack_King_%28NASA%29>