Reactive attachment disorder (RAD) is the diagnostic term for severe and relatively uncommon disorders of attachment that can affect children. RAD is characterized by markedly disturbed and developmentally inappropriate ways of relating socially in most contexts. It can take the form of a persistent failure to initiate or respond to most social interactions in a developmentally appropriate way—known as the "inhibited" form—or can present itself as indiscriminate sociability, such as excessive familiarity with relative strangers—known as the "disinhibited form". RAD arises from a failure to form normal attachments to primary caregivers in early childhood. Such a failure could result from severe early experiences of neglect, abuse, abrupt separation from caregivers between the ages of six months and three years, frequent change of caregivers, or a lack of caregiver responsiveness to a child's communicative efforts. The criteria for a diagnosis of a reactive attachment disorder are very different from the criteria used in assessment or categorization of attachment styles such as insecure or disorganized attachment. Children with RAD are presumed to have grossly disturbed internal working models of relationships which may lead to interpersonal and behavioral difficulties in later life. There are few studies of long term effects, and there is a lack of clarity about the presentation of the disorder beyond the age of five years.
Read the rest of this article: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reactive_attachment_disorder
_______________________________ Today's selected anniversaries:
1653: Oliver Cromwell dissolved the Rump Parliament of the Commonwealth of England by force, eventually replacing it with the Barebone's Parliament. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rump_Parliament)
1862: French physiologist Louis Pasteur and physiologist Claude Bernard completed the first test on pasteurization. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/pasteurization)
1884: Pope Leo XIII published the encyclical Humanum Genus, denouncing Freemasonry, the doctrine of a separation of church and state, and many other principles, some of which are today equated by most people with the founding ones of the United States. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanum_Genus)
1968: British Member of Parliament Enoch Powell made his controversial "Rivers of Blood" speech in opposition to immigration and anti-discrimination legislation, resulting in him being removed from the Shadow Cabinet. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivers_of_Blood_speech)
1978: Soviet fighters shot down Korean Air Lines Flight 902 after it violated Soviet airspace and failed to respond to Soviet interceptors. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Air_Lines_Flight_902)
_____________________ Wiktionary's Word of the day:
quidnunc: Someone who attempts to know all that happens, but who is not careful of the facts. (http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/quidnunc)
_____________________ Wikiquote of the day:
The true secret in being a hero lies in knowing the order of things. ... Things must happen when it is time for them to happen. Quests may not simply be abandoned; prophecies may not be left to rot like unpicked fruit; unicorns may go unrescued for a very long time, but not forever. The happy ending cannot come in the middle of the story. -- Peter S. Beagle (http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Peter_S._Beagle)