The Battle of Bosworth Field was the last significant battle of the Wars
of the Roses, the civil war between the House of Lancaster and the House
of York that raged across England in the latter half of the 15th
century. Fought on 22 August 1485, the battle was won by the
Lancastrians. Their leader Henry Tudor, Earl of Richmond, became the
first English monarch of the Tudor dynasty by his victory and subsequent
marriage to a Yorkist princess. His opponent Richard III, the last king
of the House of York, was killed in the battle. Historians consider
Bosworth Field to mark the end of the Plantagenet dynasty, making it one
of the defining moments of English history. Richard's reign began in
1483 when he seized the throne from his twelve-year-old nephew
Edward V; the boy and his younger brother soon disappeared. Meanwhile,
Henry Tudor, a descendant of the House of Lancaster, also laid claim to
the throne. Henry's first attempt to invade England in 1483 was
frustrated by a storm, but his second arrived unopposed on 1 August
1485 on the southwest coast of Wales. Marching inland, Henry gathered
support as he made for London. Richard hurriedly mustered his troops and
intercepted Henry's army south of the town of Market Bosworth in
Leicestershire.
Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Bosworth_Field>
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Today's selected anniversaries:
1639:
The East India Company bought a small strip of land on what is
today Chennai, the capital city of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, from
the King of the Vijayanagara Empire, Peda Venkata Raya.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chennai>
1777:
American Revolutionary War: Benedict Arnold used a devious ruse
to convince the British that a much larger force was arriving, causing
them to abandon the Siege of Fort Stanwix (reconstructed fort pictured).
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Fort_Stanwix>
1910:
Japan annexed Korea with the signing of the Japan–Korea
Annexation Treaty, beginning a period of Japanese rule of Korea that
lasted until the end of World War II.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Korea_Treaty_of_1910>
1989:
The Voyager 2 spacecraft made its closest approach to Neptune
and provided definitive proof of the existence of the planet's rings.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Neptune>
2006:
Pulkovo Airlines Flight 612 crashed near the Russian border
over eastern Ukraine, killing all 170 people on board.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulkovo_Aviation_Enterprise_Flight_612>
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Wiktionary's word of the day:
eat one's Wheaties:
(US and Canada, idiomatic) To prepare or fortify oneself for an activity
requiring exertion.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/eat_one%27s_Wheaties>
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Wikiquote quote of the day:
The picture-story involves a joint operation of the brain, the eye and
the heart. The objective of this joint operation is to depict the
content of some event which is in the process of unfolding, and to
communicate impressions. Sometimes a single event can be so rich in
itself and its facets that it is necessary to move all around it in your
search for the solution to the problems it poses — for the world is
movement, and you cannot be stationary in your attitude toward something
that is moving. Sometimes you light upon the picture in seconds; it
might also require hours or days. But there is no standard plan, no
pattern from which to work.
--Henri Cartier-Bresson
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Henri_Cartier-Bresson>