Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's relations with the Belyayev circle, which lasted from 1887 until Tchaikovsky's death, influenced all of their music and briefly helped shape the next generation of Russian composers. This group was named after timber merchant Mitrofan Belyayev, an influential music patron and publisher. By 1887, Tchaikovsky was firmly established as one of the leading composers in Russia. A favorite of Tsar Alexander III, he was widely regarded as a national treasure. As a result of the time Tchaikovsky spent with the Belyayev circle's leading composers—Alexander Glazunov, Anatoly Lyadov and Nikolai Rimsky- Korsakov—the somewhat fraught relationship he had previously endured with The Five would eventually meld into something more harmonious. Over the long term, though, Tchaikovsky's influence over the Belyayev composers was not as great as his influence on The Five. They continued writing overall in a style more akin to Rimsky-Korsakov than to Tchaikovsky, falling back stylistically on their predecessors instead of developing their own individual voices. Even Glazunov backed away from echoing Tchaikovsky strongly in his mature work, instead amalgamating nationalistic and cosmopolitan styles in an eclectic approach. The Belyayev composers also spread the nationalist musical aesthetic to Russia on the whole and were themselves an influence on composers well into the Soviet era.
Read more: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky_and_the_Belyayev_circle
_______________________________ Today's selected anniversaries:
1776:
American Revolutionary War: South Carolina militia repelled a British attack on Charleston. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Sullivan%27s_Island
1895:
The United States Court of Private Land Claims ruled that the title claimed by James Reavis to 18,600 sq mi (48,000 km2) in present- day Arizona and New Mexico was "wholly fictitious and fraudulent". https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Reavis
1942:
World War II: The German Wehrmacht launched Case Blue, a strategic summer offensive intended to knock the Soviet Union out of the war. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Case_Blue
1956:
Workers demanding better conditions held massive protests in Poznań, Poland, but were violently repressed by the following day by 400 tanks and 10,000 soldiers of the People's Army of Poland and the Internal Security Corps. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pozna%C5%84_1956_protests
1989:
President of Serbia Slobodan Milošević gave a speech in which he described the possibility of "armed battles" in the future of Serbia's national development. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazimestan_speech
2009:
Honduran president Manuel Zelaya was ousted by local military forces following his attempt to hold a referendum to change the Honduran constitution so he could serve a second term. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Honduran_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat
_____________________________ Wiktionary's word of the day:
röck döts: (informal, humorous) Heavy metal umlauts; umlauts over letters in the name of a heavy metal band (as in "Motörhead", "Queensrÿche" and "Mötley Crüe"), added gratuitously for mere stylistic effect. https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/r%C3%B6ck_d%C3%B6ts
___________________________ Wikiquote quote of the day:
Nature never deceives us; it is we who deceive ourselves. --Jean-Jacques Rousseau https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau