Hi, Adam
This is very similar to how Berkeley Constructicon Grammar, Sign-Based
Construction Grammar and Embodied Construction Grammar conceive the
representation of linguistic knowledge, with some variation depending on
the specific type of CxG.
Cheers
Tiago
Em seg, 6 de jul de 2020 às 19:43, Adam Sobieski <adamsobieski(a)hotmail.com>
escreveu:
I would like to move this discussion to a new thread
for those interested
in knowledge representation for natural language generation.
Something which interested me about UNL when it was recently brought to my
attention was that it expands upon predicate calculus by providing the
expressiveness for placing attributes upon objects and relations. I
presumed that one could also place them upon expressions (@a4, @a8, @a13)
and upon sets of expressions as well (@a14).
*UNL’*
{
r1.@a1(o1(icl>domain1).@a2, o2(icl>domain2).@a3).@a4
r2.@a5(o3(icl>domain3).@a6, o4(icl>domain4).@a7).@a8
r3.@a9(o5(icl>domain5).@a10, o6(icl>domain6).@a11,
o7(icl>domain7).@a12).@a13
}.@a14
I then considered that, beyond attributes, one could place attribute-value
pairs upon objects, relations, expressions and sets of expressions.
*Something New*
{
r1.[@a1=v1](o1.[@a2=v2], o2.[@a3=v3]).[@a4=v4]
r2.[@a5=v5](o3.[@a6=v6], o4.[@a7=v7]).[@a8=v8]
r3.[@a9=v9](o5.[@a10=v10], o6.[@a11=v11], o7.[@a12=v12]).[@a13=v13]
}.[@a14=v14]
Resembling W3C technologies, URI could be used for objects, relations and
attributes instead of plain text strings.
Beyond attribute-value pairs, it is also possible that objects, relations,
expressions, and sets of expressions could each be as objects in the sense
of object graphs (or potentially semantic graphs).
In the Wikipedia article about UNL, there is the example: “The sky is
blue?!”. The Wikipedia article indicates the tabular representation in UNL
for that utterance to be:
aoj( blue(icl>color).@entry.@past.@interrogative.@exclamation ,
sky(icl>natural world).@def)
In UNL’, a tabular representation for that utterance might be:
aoj.@past( blue(icl>color).@entry , sky(icl>natural
world).@def).@interrogative.@exclamation
In the new knowledge representation format, we could, resembling the
mapping of valueless attributes from HTML to XHTML, map the valueless
attributes to Boolean-valued attributes and assign them the value of true:
aoj.[@past=true]( blue(icl>color).[@entry=true] , sky(icl>natural
world).[@def=true]).[@interrogative=true].[@exclamation=true]
We could also map semantics to other attribute-value pairs, for example:
aoj.[@tense=past](…)
I am finding these topics to be interesting. I am also presently
considering an object model for the new knowledge representation format,
resembling how the DOM conveniences developers working with XML.
Any thoughts on these ideas or about knowledge representation for natural
language generation in general?
Best regards,
Adam Sobieski
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Tiago Timponi Torrent
PPG-Linguística - FrameNet Brasil
Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora