The Crawford expedition was a campaign on the western front of the American Revolutionary War, and one of the final operations of the conflict. Led by Colonel William Crawford (pictured), the campaign began May 25, 1782. Its goal was to destroy American Indian towns along the Sandusky River in the Ohio Country, with the hope of ending attacks on American settlers. The expedition was one in a long series of raids that both sides had conducted against enemy settlements throughout the war. Crawford led about 500 volunteer militiamen, mostly from Pennsylvania. The Indians and their British allies from Detroit gathered a force and surrounded the Americans. Seventy were killed, including Crawford, who was tortured and executed, probably in retaliation for the Gnadenhutten massacre two months earlier. Indian and British losses were minimal, and the rest of the Americans escaped and found their way back to Pennsylvania.

Read more: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crawford_expedition

_______________________________ Today's selected anniversaries:

1810:

The Primera Junta, the first independent government in Argentina, was established in an open cabildo in Buenos Aires, marking the end of the May Revolution. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_Revolution

1940:

Second World War: A German Panzer division captured Boulogne- sur-Mer, France, forcing the evacuation of the British Expeditionary Force through Dunkirk. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Boulogne

1979:

During takeoff from O'Hare International Airport in Chicago, an engine detached from American Airlines Flight 191, causing a crash that killed a total of 273 people, the deadliest aviation accident in United States history. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_191

2009:

North Korea conducted a nuclear test and several other missile tests that were widely condemned by the international community and led to sanctions from the United Nations Security Council. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_North_Korean_nuclear_test

_____________________________ Wiktionary's word of the day:

overt: Open and not concealed or secret. https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/overt

___________________________ Wikiquote quote of the day:

I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to the earth. No single space project in this period will be more impressive to mankind, or more important for the long-range exploration of space; and none will be so difficult or expensive to accomplish. We propose to accelerate the development of the appropriate lunar space craft. We propose to develop alternate liquid and solid fuel boosters, much larger than any now being developed, until certain which is superior. We propose additional funds for other engine development and for unmanned explorations — explorations which are particularly important for one purpose which this nation will never overlook: the survival of the man who first makes this daring flight. But in a very real sense, it will not be one man going to the moon — if we make this judgment affirmatively, it will be an entire nation. For all of us must work to put him there.   --John F. Kennedy https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/John_F._Kennedy