Mount Berlin is a glacier-covered volcano in Marie Byrd Land,
Antarctica. It is a roughly 20-kilometre-wide (12 mi) mountain with
parasitic vents. It consists of two coalesced volcanoes: Berlin proper
with the 2-kilometre-wide (1.2 mi) Berlin Crater, and Merrem Peak 3.5
kilometres (2.2 mi) away with a 2.5-by-1-kilometre-wide (1.6 mi
× 0.6 mi) crater. Mount Berlin has a volume of 200 cubic kilometres
(50 cu mi) and rises 3,478 metres (11,411 ft) above sea level from
the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. It is part of the Marie Byrd Land Volcanic
Province. Trachyte is the dominant volcanic rock, occurring as
solidified lava flows and pyroclastic rocks. The volcano was active from
the Pliocene into the Holocene. Tephra layers from all over Antarctica
have been linked to Mount Berlin, the major regional source of such
tephras. The tephra was formed by explosive eruptions that generated
high eruption columns. Currently, fumarolic activity occurs that forms
ice towers from frozen steam.
Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Berlin>
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Today's selected anniversaries:
1819:
British official Stamford Raffles signed a treaty with Sultan
Hussein Shah of Johor, establishing Singapore as a trading post for the
East India Company.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Founding_years_of_modern_Singapore>
1919:
More than 65,000 workers in Seattle began a five-day general
strike to gain higher wages after two years of U.S. World War I wage
controls.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seattle_General_Strike>
1958:
The aircraft carrying the Manchester United football team
crashed while attempting to take off from Munich-Riem Airport in West
Germany, killing 8 players and 23 people in total (news reel featured).
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich_air_disaster>
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Wiktionary's word of the day:
dubplate:
(music, originally Jamaica) An acetate or vinyl record pressed in very
limited numbers, especially one issued to disc jockeys in advance of an
official release; specifically (and originally), one containing a piece
of dub music (a style of reggae music, often instrumental, involving the
mixing of different audio tracks).
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dubplate>
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Wikiquote quote of the day:
The martyrs of history were not fools, and our honored dead who
gave their lives to stop the advance of the Nazis didn't die in vain.
Where, then, is the road to peace? Well, it's a simple answer after all.
You and I have the courage to say to our enemies, "There is a price we
will not pay." There is a point beyond which they must not advance. This
is the meaning in the phrase of Barry Goldwater's "peace through
strength." Winston Churchill said that "the destiny of man is not
measured by material computation. When great forces are on the move in
the world, we learn we are spirits — not animals." And he said, "There
is something going on in time and space, and beyond time and space,
which, whether we like it or not, spells duty."
--Ronald Reagan
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Ronald_Reagan>
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