Mount Berlin is a glacier-covered volcano in Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica. It is a roughly 20-kilometre-wide (12 mi) mountain with parasitic vents. It consists of two coalesced volcanoes: Berlin proper with the 2-kilometre-wide (1.2 mi) Berlin Crater, and Merrem Peak 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) away with a 2.5-by-1-kilometre-wide (1.6 mi × 0.6 mi) crater. Mount Berlin has a volume of 200 cubic kilometres (50 cu mi) and rises 3,478 metres (11,411 ft) above sea level from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. It is part of the Marie Byrd Land Volcanic Province. Trachyte is the dominant volcanic rock, occurring as solidified lava flows and pyroclastic rocks. The volcano was active from the Pliocene into the Holocene. Tephra layers from all over Antarctica have been linked to Mount Berlin, the major regional source of such tephras. The tephra was formed by explosive eruptions that generated high eruption columns. Currently, fumarolic activity occurs that forms ice towers from frozen steam.

Read more: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Berlin

_______________________________ Today's selected anniversaries:

1819:

British official Stamford Raffles signed a treaty with Sultan Hussein Shah of Johor, establishing Singapore as a trading post for the East India Company. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Founding_years_of_modern_Singapore

1919:

More than 65,000 workers in Seattle began a five-day general strike to gain higher wages after two years of U.S. World War I wage controls. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seattle_General_Strike

1958:

The aircraft carrying the Manchester United football team crashed while attempting to take off from Munich-Riem Airport in West Germany, killing 8 players and 23 people in total (news reel featured). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich_air_disaster

_____________________________ Wiktionary's word of the day:

dubplate: (music, originally Jamaica) An acetate or vinyl record pressed in very limited numbers, especially one issued to disc jockeys in advance of an official release; specifically (and originally), one containing a piece of dub music (a style of reggae music, often instrumental, involving the mixing of different audio tracks). https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dubplate

___________________________ Wikiquote quote of the day:

The martyrs of history were not fools, and our honored dead who gave their lives to stop the advance of the Nazis didn't die in vain. Where, then, is the road to peace? Well, it's a simple answer after all. You and I have the courage to say to our enemies, "There is a price we will not pay." There is a point beyond which they must not advance. This is the meaning in the phrase of Barry Goldwater's "peace through strength." Winston Churchill said that "the destiny of man is not measured by material computation. When great forces are on the move in the world, we learn we are spirits — not animals." And he said, "There is something going on in time and space, and beyond time and space, which, whether we like it or not, spells duty."   --Ronald Reagan https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Ronald_Reagan