60px|William of St Calais from an 11th-century manuscript

William de St-Calais was a medieval Norman monk, abbot of the abbey of St. Vincent in Le Mans in Maine, who was nominated as Bishop of Durham in 1080 by King William I of England. During his term as bishop, St-Calais replaced the canons of his cathedral chapter with monks, and began the construction of Durham Cathedral. In addition to his ecclesiastical duties, he served as a commissioner for the Domesday Book. He was also a councilor and advisor to both King William I and his son, King William II, known as William Rufus. Following William Rufus' accession to the throne in 1087, St-Calais was considered by scholars to be the new king's chief advisor. However, when the king's uncle, Odo of Bayeux, raised a rebellion against the king in 1088, St-Calais was implicated in the revolt. Imprisoned briefly, St-Calais was allowed to go into exile in Normandy, where he became a leading advisor to Robert Curthose, Duke of Normandy. By 1091, St-Calais had returned to England and regained royal favour. In England, St-Calais once more became a leading advisor to the king. In 1093 he negotiated with Anselm, Abbot of Bec, concerning Anselm's becoming Archbishop of Canterbury; in 1095 it was St-Calais who prosecuted the royal case against Anselm after he had become archbishop. Before his death in 1096, he had made his peace with Anselm, who blessed and consoled St-Calais on his deathbed. (more...)

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_______________________________ Today's selected anniversaries:

1292:

John Balliol was chosen to be King of Scots over Robert de Brus. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Balliol

1869:

The Suez Canal opened, allowing shipping to travel between Europe and Asia via the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez_Canal

1950:

Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama , was enthroned as Tibet's head of state at the age of fifteen. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_Dalai_Lama

1970:

The Soviet Union's Lunokhod 1 landed on the Moon to become the first roving remote-controlled robot to operate on another celestial body. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunokhod_1

2009:

Administrators at the Climatic Research Unit at the University of East Anglia discovered their servers had been hacked and thousands of emails and files on climate change had been stolen. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climatic_Research_Unit_email_controversy

_____________________________ Wiktionary's word of the day:

factious (adj): 1. Of, pertaining to, or caused by factions. 2. Given to or characterized by discordance or insubordination http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/factious

___________________________ Wikiquote quote of the day:

Make no laws whatever concerning speech, and speech will be free; so soon as you make a declaration on paper that speech shall be free, you will have a hundred lawyers proving that "freedom does not mean abuse, nor liberty license"; and they will define and define freedom out of existence. Let the guarantee of free speech be in every man's determination to use it, and we shall have no need of paper declarations. On the other hand, so long as the people do not care to exercise their freedom, those who wish to tyrannize will do so; for tyrants are active and ardent, and will devote themselves in the name of any number of gods, religious and otherwise, to put shackles upon sleeping men. --Voltairine de Cleyre http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Voltairine_de_Cleyre