Cefnllys Castle was a medieval spur castle sited on a ridge –
possibly an earlier Iron Age hillfort – above the River Ithon in
Radnorshire, Wales. The first masonry castle at the site was constructed
around 1242 to control several routes through the Welsh Marches.
Cefnllys became a source of friction between Llywelyn ap Gruffudd and
Roger Mortimer in the prelude to Edward I's conquest of Wales. The
castle was captured and razed in 1262 by Llywelyn, during a war with
Henry III of England, and Cefnllys featured prominently in the ensuing
peace treaty. The construction of a new castle was a contributing factor
to Llywelyn's refusal to swear fealty to Edward I in 1275, leading to
war in 1276. The castle may have been sacked during the revolts of Madog
ap Llywelyn (1294–1295) and Owain Glyndŵr (1400–1415), but it
remained occupied until at least the mid-15th century. Both castles are
now entirely ruinous and only traces remain.
Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cefnllys_Castle>
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Today's selected anniversaries:
1826:
More than a third of U.S. Military Academy cadets in West
Point, New York, rioted after consuming eggnog with whiskey during a
Christmas party.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eggnog_Riot>
1846:
The Sultanate of Brunei ceded the island of Labuan to the
British Empire as a crown colony.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Labuan>
1964:
The Viet Cong bombed the Brinks Hotel in Saigon, killing two
U.S. Army officers and raising fears of an escalation of the Vietnam
War.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_Brinks_Hotel_bombing>
1999:
Jihadists linked to al-Qaeda hijacked Indian Airlines
Flight 814 to force the release of Islamist figures held in prison in
India.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Airlines_Flight_814>
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Wiktionary's word of the day:
party spirit:
1. A feeling or sense of celebration or enjoyment.
2. (politics) The feeling of common purpose and togetherness experienced
or shown by members or supporters of a group, especially a political
party, sometimes accompanied by unreasonable animosity towards members
or supporters of other groups.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/party_spirit>
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Wikiquote quote of the day:
What actions are the most excellent? Those, certainly, which most
powerfully appeal to the great primary human affections: to those
elementary feelings which subsist permanently in the race, and which are
independent of time. These feelings are permanent and the same; that
which interests them is permanent and the same also.
--Matthew Arnold
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Matthew_Arnold>
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