Ex parte Crow Dog is an 1883 decision by the Supreme Court of the United States that followed the death of one member of a Native American tribe at the hands of another on reservation land. Crow Dog (pictured) was a member of the Brulé band of the Lakota Sioux. On August 5, 1881, he shot and killed Spotted Tail, a Lakota chief; there are different accounts of the background to the killing. The tribal council dealt with the incident according to Sioux tradition, and Crow Dog paid restitution to the dead man's family. However, the U.S. authorities then prosecuted Crow Dog for murder in a federal court. He was found guilty and sentenced to hang. The Supreme Court held that unless authorized by Congress, federal courts had no jurisdiction to try cases where the offense had already been tried by the tribal council, and so Crow Dog was released. The case led to the Major Crimes Act in 1885, which placed 15 major crimes under federal jurisdiction if committed by an Indian against another Indian on a reservation or tribal land. This case was the beginning of the plenary power legal doctrine that has been used in Indian case law to limit tribal sovereignty.

Read more: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ex_parte_Crow_Dog

_______________________________ Today's selected anniversaries:

1076:

Demetrius Zvonimir, the last native king who exerted any real power over the entire Croatian state, was crowned. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demetrius_Zvonimir_of_Croatia

1871:

Four large fires broke out in the United States, including the Great Chicago Fire and the Peshtigo Fire in Wisconsin, the latter being the deadliest fire in U.S. history. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peshtigo_Fire

1918:

World War I: After his platoon suffered heavy casualties during the Meuse-Argonne Offensive in France's Forest of Argonne, American Sergeant Alvin C. York led the seven remaining men on an attack against a German machine gun nest, killing 28 German soldiers and capturing 132 others. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvin_C._York

1967:

Marxist revolutionary and guerrilla leader Che Guevara was captured near La Higuera, Bolivia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Che_Guevara

2001:

At Linate Airport in Milan, Italy, Scandinavian Airlines Flight SK686 collided on take-off with a Cessna Citation II business jet, killing 118 people. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linate_Airport_disaster

_____________________________ Wiktionary's word of the day:

choreography: 1. The art of creating, arranging and recording the dance movements of a ballet, etc. 2. The representation of these movements by a series of symbols. 3. The notation used to construct this record. https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/choreography

___________________________ Wikiquote quote of the day:

To know a thing well, know it limits. Only when pushed beyond its tolerances will true nature be seen. Do not depend only on theory if your life is at stake.   --Chapterhouse : Dune https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Dune#Dune.23hapterhouse:_Dune_.281985.29