The Siege of Berwick lasted four months in 1333, and resulted in the Scottish-held town of Berwick-upon-Tweed being captured by an English army commanded by King Edward III (r. 1327–1377). The year before, Edward Balliol had seized the Scottish Crown, surreptitiously supported by Edward III. After Balliol was expelled from the kingdom by a popular uprising, Edward III invaded Scotland. An advance force laid siege to the strategically important border town of Berwick in March; Edward III and the main English army joined it in May and pressed the attack. A large Scottish army advanced to relieve the town. After unsuccessfully manoeuvring for position and knowing that Berwick was on the verge of surrender, the Scots felt compelled to attack the English at Halidon Hill. They suffered a crushing defeat and Berwick surrendered the next day, 20 July. Balliol was reinstalled as King of Scotland after ceding a large part of his territory to Edward III and agreeing to do homage for the balance.

Read more: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Berwick_%281333%29

_______________________________ Today's selected anniversaries:

1976:

The Viking 1 lander became the first spacecraft to successfully land on Mars and perform its mission (documentary clip shown). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viking_1

1982:

Members of the Provisional Irish Republican Army detonated two bombs in Hyde Park and Regent's Park in London, killing 11 people, 7 horses, and wounding over 50 other people. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyde_Park_and_Regent%27s_Park_bombings

1999:

The Chinese government began a persecution campaign against Falun Gong, arresting thousands nationwide. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Falun_Gong

2012:

A gunman opened fire at a movie theater in Aurora, Colorado, killing 12 people and injuring 58 others. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Aurora,_Colorado_shooting

_____________________________ Wiktionary's word of the day:

lunar: 1. Of, pertaining to, or resembling the Moon (that is, Luna, the Earth's moon); Lunar. 2. Shaped like a crescent moon; lunate. 3. (chiefly historical) (Believed to be) influenced by the Moon or the moon of another planet, as in character, growth, or properties. 4. (alchemy, chemistry, historical) Of or pertaining to silver (which was symbolically associated with the Moon by alchemists). 5. (astronomy) Of or pertaining to travel through space between the Earth and the Moon, or exploration and scientific investigation of the Moon. https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lunar

___________________________ Wikiquote quote of the day:

HERE MEN FROM THE PLANET EARTH FIRST SET FOOT UPON THE MOON JULY 1969, A.D. WE CAME IN PEACE FOR ALL MANKIND.   --NASA https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/NASA