The Chola dynasty was a Tamil dynasty that ruled primarily in southern India until the 13th century CE. The dynasty originated in the fertile valley of the Kaveri River. Territories under their domain stretched from the islands of Maldives in the south to as far north as the banks of the river Ganges in Bengal. The dynasty was at the height of its power during the tenth and the eleventh centuries. Under Rajaraja Chola I (Rajaraja the Great) and his son Rajendra Chola, the dynasty rose as a military, economic and cultural power in Asia. The legacy of Chola rule has lasted in the region through modern times. Their patronage of Tamil literature and their zeal in building temples have resulted in some great works of Tamil architecture and poetry. The Chola kings were avid builders and envisioned the temples in their kingdoms not only as places of worship, but also as centres of economic activity, benefiting their entire community. They pioneered a centralised form of government and established a disciplined bureaucracy.

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_______________________________ Today's selected anniversaries:

456: Magister militum Ricimer defeated Emperor Avitus at Piacenza and became master of the Western Roman Empire. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricimer)

1813: The Sixth Coalition attacked Napoleon and the First French Empire in the Battle of Leipzig, the largest conflict in the Napoleonic Wars. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Leipzig)

1843: William Rowan Hamilton first wrote down the fundamental formula for quaternions on Broom Bridge in Dublin, Ireland. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaternion)

1940: World War II: Hans Frank established the Warsaw Ghetto, the largest Jewish ghetto in occupied Poland. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warsaw_Ghetto)

1978: Karol Józef Wojtyła, a cardinal from Kraków, Poland, became Pope John Paul II, the first non-Italian pope since the 16th century and the first ever from a Slavic country. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II)

_____________________ Wikiquote of the day:

Selfishness is not living as one wishes to live, it is asking others to live as one wishes to live. -- Oscar Wilde (http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Oscar_Wilde)