Taapaca is a volcanic complex in northern Chile's Arica y Parinacota Region. It is part of the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes, one of four distinct volcanic chains in South America. The town of Putre lies at the southwestern foot of the volcano. Like other volcanoes of the Central Volcanic Zone, Taapaca formed from the subduction of the Nazca Plate beneath the South America Plate. It lies on the western margin of the Altiplano high plateau, on top of older volcanic and sedimentary units. Taapaca reaches a height of 5,860 metres (19,230 ft) above sea level. It is usually covered by snow but does not feature glaciers. It consists primarily of many overlapping lava domes that formed during several stages of eruptions, starting during the Pliocene. The emplacement of lava domes was often followed by their collapse and block-and-ash avalanches. The most recent eruption is dated to 320 BCE.

Read more: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taapaca

_______________________________ Today's selected anniversaries:

1813:

War of 1812: A British force and its Mohawk allies under Charles de Salaberry repulsed an American attempt to invade Canada. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Chateauguay

1902:

A group of Russian explorers led by Baron Eduard Toll left their camp on Bennett Island and disappeared without a trace. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_polar_expedition_of_1900%E2%80%9302

1921:

The Chicago Theatre, the oldest surviving grand movie palace, opened. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_Theatre

1994:

Israel and Jordan signed a peace treaty settling relations between the two countries and pledging that neither would allow its territory to become a staging ground for military strikes by a third country. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Jordan_peace_treaty

_____________________________ Wiktionary's word of the day:

widow's mite: 1. (idiomatic) A very small gift or donation which, however, represents a great sacrifice on the part of the giver. 2. (numismatics) The lepton coin. https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/widow%27s_mite

___________________________ Wikiquote quote of the day:

America needs every one of us to lend our energy, our talents, our ambition to making our nation better and stronger. I believe that with all my heart. That's why “Stronger Together” is not just a lesson from our history. It's not just a slogan for our campaign. It's a guiding principle for the country we've always been and the future we're going to build. A country where the economy works for everyone, not just those at the top. Where you can get a good job and send your kids to a good school, no matter what zip code you live in. A country where all our children can dream, and those dreams are within reach. Where families are strong… communities are safe… And yes, love trumps hate. That's the country we're fighting for. That's the future we're working toward.   --Hillary Clinton https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton