The Lincoln cent is a cent coin (or penny) which has been struck by the United States Mint since 1909. The obverse or heads side was designed by Victor David Brenner, as was the original reverse. The coin has seen several reverse, or tails designs, and now bears one by Lyndall Bass depicting a Union shield. In 1905, sculptor Augustus Saint-Gaudens was hired by the Mint to redesign the cent and the four gold coins, which did not require congressional approval. Two of Saint-Gaudens's proposed designs for the cent were eventually adapted for the gold pieces, but Saint-Gaudens died in August 1907 before submitting additional designs for the cent. In January 1909, the Mint engaged Brenner to design a cent depicting the late President Abraham Lincoln. Brenner's design was eventually approved, and the new coins were issued to great public interest on August 2, 1909. Brenner's initials, on the reverse at its base, were deemed too prominent once the coins were issued, and were removed within days of the release. The initials were restored, this time on Lincoln's shoulder, in 1918. The coin was struck in steel in 1943 to aid in the war effort. Brenner's reverse was replaced in 1959 by a depiction of the Lincoln Memorial by Frank Gasparro. The Lincoln Memorial reverse was itself replaced in 2009 by commemorative designs marking the bicentennial of Lincoln's birth. Beginning in 2010, Bass's shield design was coined.

Read the rest of this article: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_cent

_______________________________ Today's selected anniversaries:

1657:

Citizens of New Netherland presented the Flushing Remonstrance to Director-General Peter Stuyvesant, requesting an exemption to his ban on Quaker worship. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flushing_Remonstrance

1922:

The Imperial Japanese Navy commissioned Hōshō , the world's first purpose-built aircraft carrier. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_H%C5%8Dsh%C5%8D

1949:

Indonesian National Revolution: Queen Juliana of the Netherlands signed papers that relinquished sovereignty of most of the Dutch East Indies, officially recognising the independence of Indonesia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution

1978:

Juan Carlos I of Spain promulgated a new constitution after it was passed by a referendum on December 6, marking the culmination of the Spanish transition to democracy. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Constitution_of_1978

2004:

Radiation from an explosion on the magnetar SGR 1806-20 reached Earth, the most magnetic object ever perceived by mankind, with a magnetic field of over 1015 gauss in intensity. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SGR_1806-20

_____________________________ Wiktionary's word of the day:

inexorably (adv): In an inexorable manner; without the possibility of stopping or preventing http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/inexorably

___________________________ Wikiquote quote of the day:

Science knows no country, because knowledge belongs to humanity, and is the torch which illuminates the world. --Louis Pasteur http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur