Constantine II of Scotland was an early King of Scotland, known then by the Gaelic name Alba. His reign, like those of his predecessors, was dominated by the actions of Viking rulers in Britain and Ireland, particularly the Uí Ímair. During Constantine's reign, the rulers of the southern kingdoms of Wessex and Mercia, later the kingdom of England, extended their authority northwards into the disputed kingdoms of Northumbria. At first allied with the southern rulers against the Vikings, Constantine in time came into conflict with them. King Æthelstan secured Constantine's submission in 927 and 934, but the two again fought when Constantine, allied with the Strathclyde Britons and the Viking king of Dublin, invaded Æthelstan's kingdom in 937, only to be defeated at the great battle of Brunanburh. In 943 Constantine abdicated the throne and retired to the Céli Dé monastery of St Andrews where he died in 952. His reign of 43 years, exceeded in Scotland only by that of King William the Lion before the Union of the Crowns in 1603, is believed to have played a defining part in the gaelicisation of Pictland in which his patronage of the Irish Céli Dé monastic reformers was a significant factor. During his reign the words "Scots" and "Scotland" (Old English: Scottas, Scotland) were first used to mean part of what is now Scotland.
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_______________________________ Today's selected anniversaries:
1612:
The "Samlesbury witches", three women from the Lancashire village of Samlesbury, England, were put on trial, accused for practising witchcraft, one of the most famous witch trials in English history. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samlesbury_witches
1782:
American Revolutionary War: Ten months after the British surrender at the Siege of Yorktown, a combined force of British rangers and American Indians routed Kentucky militiamen at the Battle of Blue Licks. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Blue_Licks
1942:
World War II: Allied forces suffered over 3,000 casualties when they unsuccessfully raided the German-occupied port of Dieppe, France. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dieppe_Raid
1991:
During a Soviet coup attempt led by Gennady Yanayev and other top level government officials, it was announced to the public that Mikhail Gorbachev had been relieved of his duties as President "due to illness". http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_Soviet_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt
2003:
A car bomb destroyed the United Nations headquarters at Baghdad's Canal Hotel, killing Brazilian diplomat Sérgio Vieira de Mello and 21 others. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canal_Hotel_bombing
_____________________________ Wiktionary's word of the day:
unblouse (v): (military) To untuck (leggings from footwear); to make (pants or trousers) unrestricted or untightened at the ankle http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/unblouse
___________________________ Wikiquote quote of the day:
Let those find fault whose wit's so very small,
They've need to show that they can think at all; Errors, like straws, upon the surface flow;
He who would search for pearls, must dive below. --John Dryden http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/John_Dryden