The decipherment of ancient Egyptian scripts was accomplished in the early nineteenth century by several European scholars, especially Jean- François Champollion (pictured) and Thomas Young. Egyptian writing, which included the hieroglyphic, hieratic and demotic scripts, ceased to be understood in the fourth and fifth centuries AD. Afterwards, it was believed that Egyptian scripts were exclusively ideographic, representing ideas, rather than phonetic, representing sounds. The Rosetta Stone, discovered in 1799, bore a parallel text in hieroglyphic, demotic and Greek, but deciphering the Egyptian text through its Greek translation proved difficult. Young, building on the work of Antoine- Isaac Silvestre de Sacy and Johan David Åkerblad, identified several phonetic signs in demotic. In the early 1820s Champollion realised the hieroglyphic script had both phonetic and ideographic elements. He identified the meanings of most phonetic hieroglyphs and established much of the grammar and vocabulary of ancient Egyptian.
Read more: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decipherment_of_ancient_Egyptian_scripts
_______________________________ Today's selected anniversaries:
1848:
James W. Marshall discovered gold at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California, leading to the California Gold Rush. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Gold_Rush
1978:
The Soviet nuclear-powered satellite Kosmos 954 burned up during atmospheric reentry, scattering radioactive debris across Canada's Northwest Territories. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmos_954
1990:
Japan launched the Hiten spacecraft, the first lunar probe launched by a country other than the Soviet Union or the United States. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiten
2011:
A North Caucasian jihadist carried out a suicide bombing at Moscow's Domodedovo Airport, killing 37 people. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domodedovo_International_Airport_bombing
_____________________________ Wiktionary's word of the day:
brumous: (literary) Foggy or misty; wintry. https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/brumous
___________________________ Wikiquote quote of the day:
If we don’t have an informed electorate we don’t have a democracy. So I don’t care how people get the information, as long as they get it. I’m just doing it my particular way and I feel lucky I can do it the way I want to do it. --Jim Lehrer https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Jim_Lehrer