Ursula Franklin (born 1921) is a Canadian metallurgist, research
physicist, author and educator who has taught at the University of
Toronto for more than 40 years. She is the author of The Real World of
Technology, which is based on her 1989 Massey Lectures, and The Ursula
Franklin Reader: Pacifism as a Map, a collection of her papers,
interviews, and talks. Franklin is a practising Quaker and has been
active in working on behalf of pacifist and feminist causes. Franklin
has received numerous honours and awards, including the Governor
General's Award in Commemoration of the Persons Case for promoting the
equality of girls and women in Canada and the Pearson Medal of Peace
for her work in advancing human rights. Franklin is best known for her
writings on the political and social effects of technology. For her,
technology is a comprehensive system that includes methods, procedures,
organization, "and most of all, a mindset". She distinguishes between
holistic technologies used by craft workers or artisans and
prescriptive ones associated with a division of labour in large-scale
production. Franklin argues that the dominance of prescriptive
technologies in modern society discourages critical thinking and
promotes "a culture of compliance".
Read the rest of this article:
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ursula_Franklin>
_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:
1272:
The first session of the Second Council of Lyon was held to discuss,
among others, the pledge by Byzantine Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos
to end the Great Schism and reunite the Eastern church with the West.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Council_of_Lyon>
1824:
Ludwig van Beethoven's last complete symphony, the Symphony No. 9 in D
minor, which incorporates part of Friedrich Schiller's poem "Ode to
Joy" in its fourth movement, premiered at the Kärntnertortheater in
Vienna.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphony_No._9_%28Beethoven%29>
1895:
Alexander Stepanovich Popov presented his radio receiver, refined as a
lightning detector, to the Russian Physical and Chemical Society.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Stepanovich_Popov>
1915:
World War I: The German submarine Unterseeboot 20 torpedoed and sank
the ocean liner RMS Lusitania , killing 1,198 on board.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RMS_Lusitania>
1920:
Soviet Russia recognized the independence of the Democratic Republic of
Georgia by signing the Treaty of Moscow, only to invade the country six
months later.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Moscow_%281920%29>
_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:
countenance (v):
To tolerate, support, sanction, or approve of something
<http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/countenance>
___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:
If nature has been frugal in her gifts and endowments, there is the
more need of art to supply her defects. If she has been generous and
liberal, know that she still expects industry and application on our
part, and revenges herself in proportion to our negligent ingratitude.
The richest genius, like the most fertile soil, when uncultivated,
shoots up into the rankest weeds; and instead of vines and olives for
the pleasure and use of man, produces, to its slothful owner, the most
abundant crop of poisons.
--David Hume
<http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/David_Hume>
Haumea is a dwarf planet in the Kuiper belt one-third the mass of
Pluto. It was discovered in 2004 by a team headed by Mike Brown of
Caltech at the Palomar Observatory in the United States, and in 2005 by
a team headed by J. L. Ortiz at the Sierra Nevada Observatory in Spain,
though the latter claim has been contested. On September 17, 2008, it
was accepted as a dwarf planet by the International Astronomical Union
(IAU) and named after Haumea, the Hawaiian goddess of childbirth.
Haumea's extreme elongation makes it unique among known trans-Neptunian
objects. Although its shape has not been directly observed,
calculations from its light curve suggest it is an ellipsoid, with its
greatest axis twice as long as its shortest. Nonetheless, its gravity
is believed sufficient for it to have relaxed into hydrostatic
equilibrium, thereby meeting the definition of a dwarf planet. This
elongation, along with its unusually rapid rotation, high density, and
high albedo (due to a surface of crystalline water ice), are thought to
be the results of a giant collision, which left Haumea the largest
member of a collisional family that includes several large TNOs and its
two known moons.
Read the rest of this article:
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haumea_%28dwarf_planet%29>
_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:
1863:
American Civil War: The Army of Northern Virginia, led by Robert E. Lee
and Stonewall Jackson, scored a decisive Confederate victory at the
Battle of Chancellorsville near Spotsylvania Courthouse, Virginia.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Chancellorsville>
1882:
The United States Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act,
implementing a ban on Chinese immigration to the United States that
eventually lasted for over 60 years until the 1943 Magnuson Act.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Exclusion_Act_%28United_States%29>
1937:
The German zeppelin Hindenburg caught fire and was destroyed while
trying to land at Lakehurst Naval Air Station in New Jersey, killing
over 30 people on board.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LZ_129_Hindenburg>
1994:
The Channel Tunnel, a 50.5-kilometre (31.4Â mi) undersea rail tunnel
beneath the English Channel at the Strait of Dover connecting
Folkestone, Kent, England to Coquelles, France, officially opened.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_Tunnel>
_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:
lax (adj):
1. Lenient and allowing for deviation; not strict.
2. Loose; not tight or taut
<http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lax>
___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:
Being entirely honest with oneself is a good exercise.
--Sigmund Freud
<http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud>
The exosome complex is a multi-protein complex, capable of degrading
various types of RNAs. Exosome complexes can be found in both
eukaryotic cells and archaea, while in bacteria a simpler complex
called the degradosome carries out similar functions. The core of the
complex has a six-membered ring structure, to which other proteins are
attached. In eukaryotic cells, it is present in the cytoplasm, nucleus
and especially the nucleolus, although different proteins interact with
the complex in these compartments, in order to regulate the RNA
degradation activity of the complex to substrates specific for these
cell compartments. Substrates of the exosome include messenger RNA,
ribosomal RNA, and many species of small RNAs. The exosome has an
exoribonucleolytic function, meaning it degrades RNA starting at one
side (the so-called 3' end in this case), rather than cleaving the RNA
at specific sites. Although no causative relation between the complex
and any disease is known, several proteins in the complex are the
target of autoantibodies in patients with specific autoimmune diseases
(especially the PM/Scl overlap syndrome) and some antimetabolitic
chemotherapies for cancer function by blocking the activity of the
complex.
Read the rest of this article:
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosome_complex>
_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:
553:
The Second Council of Constantinople, believed to have been the fifth
Christian Ecumenical Council, began to discuss the topics of
Nestorianism and Origenism, among others.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Council_of_Constantinople>
1789:
The Estates-General convened in Versailles to discuss a financial
crisis in France, triggering a series of events that led to the French
Revolution.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estates-General_of_1789>
1949:
Ten European countries signed the Treaty of London, creating the
Council of Europe, today one of the oldest international organisations
working for European integration.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Europe>
1950:
Prince Bhumibol Adulyadej was crowned in Bangkok as King Rama IX of
Thailand, currently the world's longest-serving head of state.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhumibol_Adulyadej>
1994:
Armenia and Azerbaijan signed the Bishkek Protocol, a provisional
ceasefire treaty to end hostilities in the Nagorno-Karabakh War, with
both sides agreeing, among others, to grant a wide-ranging autonomy to
the Nagorno-Karabakh region.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh_War>
_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:
stygian (adj):
1. Dark and gloomy.
2. Infernal or hellish.
3. Of, or relating to the river Styx
<http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stygian>
___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:
If I have ventured wrongly, very well, life then helps me with its
penalty. But if I haven't ventured at all, who helps me then?
--Søren Kierkegaard
<http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/S%C3%B8ren_Kierkegaard>
Ed Stelmach (born 1951) is the current Premier of Alberta, Canada,
having served in this capacity since December 14, 2006. He spent his
entire pre-political adult life as a farmer, except for some time spent
studying at the University of Alberta. His first foray into politics
was a 1986 municipal election, when he was elected to the county
council of Lamont County. A year into his term, he was appointed reeve.
He continued in this position until his entry into provincial politics.
In the 1993 provincial election, Stelmach was elected as the Member of
the Legislative Assembly for Vegreville-Viking. A Progressive
Conservative, he served in the cabinets of Ralph Klein. When Klein
resigned the party's leadership in 2006, Stelmach was among the first
candidates to replace him. After a third place finish on the first
ballot of the leadership race, he won an upset second ballot victory
over former provincial treasurer Jim Dinning. Stelmach's premiership
has been heavily focussed on management of the province's oil reserves,
especially those of the Athabasca Oil Sands. Other policy initiatives
have included commencing an overhaul of the province's health
governance system, a re-introduction of all-party committees to the
Legislature, and the conclusion of a major labour agreement with
Alberta's teachers.
Read the rest of this article:
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed_Stelmach>
_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:
1493:
Pope Alexander VI issued the papal bull Inter caetera, establishing a
Line of Demarcation dividing the New World between Spain and Portugal.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inter_caetera>
1886:
An unknown assailant threw a bomb into a crowd of police, turning a
peaceful labor rally in Chicago into the Haymarket massacre, resulting
in the deaths of seven police officers and an unknown number of
civilians.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haymarket_affair>
1949:
A plane carrying almost the entire Torino A.C. football team crashed
into the hill of Superga near Turin, Italy, killing all 31 aboard
including 18 players, club officials, and the journalists accompanying
them.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superga_air_disaster>
1979:
Margaret Thatcher became the first female Prime Minister of the United
Kingdom, following the defeat of James Callaghan's incumbent Labour
government in the previous day's general election.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher>
1990:
The Supreme Soviet of the Latvian SSR declared the restoration of
independence of Latvia, stating that the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact and
the Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940 were illegal.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Restoration_of_Independence_of_the_Repu…>
_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:
gullet (n):
The throat or esophagus
<http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gullet>
___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:
A teacher who is attempting to teach without inspiring the pupil with a
desire to learn is hammering cold iron.
--Horace Mann
<http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Horace_Mann>
The structural history of the Roman military describes the major
chronological transformations in the organization and constitution of
ancient Rome's armed forces, "the most effective and long-lived
military institution known to history". From its origins around 800Â BC
to its final dissolution in 476Â AD with the demise of the Western Roman
Empire, Rome's military underwent substantial structural change. Rome's
military structure passed through four distinct phases. Initially,
Rome's military consisted of an annual citizen levy performing military
service as part of their duty to the state. As the extent of the
territories falling under Roman suzerainty expanded, and the size of
the city's forces increased, the soldiery of ancient Rome became
increasingly professional and salaried. In the third phase of the
city's military development, Rome's forces were tasked with manning and
securing the borders of the provinces brought under Roman control, as
well as Italy itself. Strategic-scale threats were generally less
serious in this period, and strategic emphasis was placed on preserving
gained territory. In the final phase of Rome's military, military
service continued to be salaried and professional for Rome's regular
troops. The uniformity of structure found in Rome's earlier military
forces disappeared. This was accompanied by a trend in the late empire
of an increasing predominance of cavalry rather than infantry troops,
as well as a requital of more mobile operations.
Read the rest of this article:
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_history_of_the_Roman_military>
_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:
1791:
The Polish Constitution of May 3, one of the earliest codified national
constitutions in the world, was adopted by the Sejm.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_May_3%2C_1791>
1815:
Austrian troops led by Frederick Bianchi, Duke of Casalanza defeated
the forces under King Joachim Murat of Naples at the Battle of
Tolentino, the decisive battle of the Neapolitan War.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tolentino>
1837:
The National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, the oldest
university in the eastern Mediterranean, was founded.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_and_Kapodistrian_University_of_Athens>
1942:
World War II: Japanese forces began invading Tulagi and nearby islands
in the Solomon Islands Protectorate, enabling them to establish a base
so they could threaten and interdict the supply and communication
routes between the United States and Australia and New Zealand.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasion_of_Tulagi_%28May_1942%29>
1947:
A new Constitution of Japan went into effect, providing for a
parliamentary system of government, guaranteeing certain fundamental
rights, and relegating the Japanese monarchy to a purely ceremonial
role.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Japan>
_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:
resile (v):
1. To start back; to recoil; to recede from a purpose.
2. To spring back; rebound; resume the original form or position, as
an elastic body
<http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/resile>
___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:
The lion cannot protect himself from traps, and the fox cannot defend
himself from wolves. One must therefore be a fox to recognize traps,
and a lion to frighten wolves.
--Niccolò Machiavelli
<http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli>
John Frusciante (born 1970) is an American guitarist, singer,
songwriter and record producer. He is best known as the guitarist of
the alternative rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers, with whom he has
recorded five studio albums. Frusciante also maintains an active solo
career, having released ten albums under his own name, as well as two
collaborations with Josh Klinghoffer and Joe Lally, under the name
Ataxia. His solo recordings incorporate a variety of elements ranging
from experimental rock and ambient music to New Wave and electronica.
Drawing influence from guitarists of various genres, Frusciante
emphasizes melody and emotion in his guitar playing, and favors vintage
guitars and analog recording techniques. Frusciante joined the Red Hot
Chili Peppers at the age of eighteen, first appearing on the band's
1989 album Mother's Milk. The group's follow-up album, Blood Sugar Sex
Magik, was a breakthrough success. However, he was overwhelmed by the
band's newfound popularity and as a result quit in 1992. He became a
recluse and entered a long period of heroin addiction, during which he
released his first recordings: Niandra Lades and Usually Just a T-Shirt
(1994) and Smile from the Streets You Hold (1997). In 1998, Frusciante
successfully completed drug rehabilitation and rejoined the Chili
Peppers for their 1999 album Californication. Since then he has
continued to record with the band and has received critical recognition
for his guitar playing, ranking eighteenth on Rolling Stone's list of
"The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time" in 2003.
Read the rest of this article:
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Frusciante>
_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:
1808:
Beginning of the Peninsular War: The people of Madrid rebelled against
French occupation of the city.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dos_de_Mayo_Uprising>
1829:
Captain Charles Fremantle of the Royal Navy established the Swan River
Colony, the first British settlement on the west coast of Australia.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swan_River_Colony>
1945:
World War II: General Helmuth Weidling, commander of the German troops
in Berlin, surrendered the city to Soviet forces led by General Georgy
Zhukov, ending the Battle of Berlin.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Berlin>
1982:
Falklands War: HMS Conqueror launched three torpedoes and sank ARA
General Belgrano , the only ship ever to have been sunk by a
nuclear-powered submarine.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_General_Belgrano>
1986:
Henri Toivonen was killed in an accident while leading the Tour de
Corse rally, resulting in FISA, the sport governing body for motor
racing events, banning the powerful and popular Group B rally cars for
the following season.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Toivonen>
_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:
alacrity (n):
1. Eagerness; liveliness; enthusiasm.
2. Promptness; speed
<http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/alacrity>
___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:
Philosophy can bake no bread; but she can procure for us God, Freedom,
Immortality.
--Novalis
<http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Novalis>
Idlewild and Soak Zone is a family amusement park situated in the
Laurel Highlands near Ligonier, Pennsylvania, about 50Â miles (80Â km)
east of Pittsburgh, along US Route 30. Founded in 1878 as a campground
along the Ligonier Valley Railroad by Thomas Mellon, Idlewild is the
oldest amusement park in Pennsylvania. It has won several awards,
including five from Amusement Today as the second-best children's park
in the world. The park was established by the Mellon family in 1878,
and remained family-owned for over 100 years. The park expanded greatly
through the first half of the 20th century, adding rides including a
Philadelphia Toboggan Company Rollo Coaster in 1938, one of the
company's earliest. The park is home to the Ligonier Highland Games, a
Scottish athletic and cultural festival that has annually drawn over
10,000 spectators. In 1983, the park was purchased by Kennywood
Entertainment Company, which oversaw additional expansion, including an
attraction designed and voiced by Fred Rogers based on his television
show Mister Rogers' Neighborhood.
Read the rest of this article:
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idlewild_and_Soak_Zone>
_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:
1707:
Under the terms of the Acts of Union, the Kingdoms of England and
Scotland merged to form the Kingdom of Great Britain, a single kingdom
encompassing the entire island of Great Britain with a single
parliament and government based in Westminster.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain>
1786:
The Marriage of Figaro, an opera buffa composed by Wolfgang Amadeus
Mozart, premiered at the Burgtheater in Vienna.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Marriage_of_Figaro>
1840:
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland first issued the Penny
Black , the first official adhesive postage stamp.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penny_Black>
1851:
The Great Exhibition, the first ever World's Fair, opened in London's
Hyde Park.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Great_Exhibition>
1898:
The American Asiatic Squadron under Commodore George Dewey defeated the
Spanish Pacific Squadron under Admiral Patricio Montojo at the Battle
of Manila Bay, the first engagement of the Spanish-American War.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Manila_Bay_%281898%29>
1956:
A doctor in Japan reported an "epidemic of an unknown disease of the
central nervous system", marking the official discovery of Minamata
disease.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minamata_disease>
_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:
mizzenmast (n):
1. (nautical) The third mast from the bow on a ship having three or
more masts.
2. (nautical) The shorter, aftward mast of a ship having two masts,
such as a ketch or yawl
<http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mizzenmast>
___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:
What sculpture is to a block of marble, education is to the human soul.
--Joseph Addison
<http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Joseph_Addison>
Ælfheah of Canterbury (954–1012) was an Anglo-Saxon Bishop of
Winchester, later Archbishop of Canterbury. He became an anchorite
before being elected abbot of Bath Abbey. His piety and sanctity led to
his promotion to the episcopate, and eventually to his becoming
archbishop. Ælfheah furthered the cult of St Dunstan and also
encouraged learning. He was captured by Viking raiders in 1011 and
killed by them the following year, after refusing to allow himself to
be ransomed. Ælfheah was canonized as a saint in 1078. Thomas Becket, a
later Archbishop of Canterbury (and himself canonized), prayed to him
just before his own slaying in Canterbury Cathedral. Ælfheah became a
monk early in life. He first entered the monastery of Deerhurst, but
then moved to Bath, where he became an anchorite. He was noted for his
piety and austerity, and rose to become abbot of Bath Abbey.
Read the rest of this article:
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86lfheah_of_Canterbury>
_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:
1671:
Croatian Ban Petar Zrinski was executed for treason for his role in the
attempted Croatian-Hungarian rebellion of 1664–1670.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petar_Zrinski>
1789:
George Washington took the oath as the first President of the United
States at Federal Hall in New York City.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington>
1945:
World War II: As Allied forces were closing in on Berlin, Adolf Hitler
and Eva Braun committed suicide in the Führerbunker after being married
for one day.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Adolf_Hitler>
1948:
Twenty-one countries signed a charter in Bogotá, Colombia, establishing
the Organization of American States.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization_of_American_States>
1975:
North Vietnamese troops captured Saigon, ending the Vietnam War with
the unconditional surrender of South Vietnam.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Saigon>
2004:
The New Yorker magazine posted an article and supporting pictures
online, postdated May 10, detailing accounts of torture and abuse by
American personnel of prisoners held at the Abu Ghraib prison in
Baghdad, Iraq.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Ghraib_torture_and_prisoner_abuse>
_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:
scion (n):
1. A descendant; a son or daughter.
2. A detached shoot or twig containing buds from a woody plant, used
in grafting.
3. The heir to a throne
<http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/scion>
___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:
The Gods do not protect fools. Fools are protected by more capable
fools.
--Larry Niven
<http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Larry_Niven>
A kit is the standard equipment and attire worn by players in
association football. The sport's Laws of the Game specify the minimum
kit which a player must use, and also prohibit the use of anything that
is dangerous to the player or another participant. Individual
competitions may stipulate further restrictions, such as regulating the
size of logos displayed on shirts and stating that in the event of a
match between teams with identical or similar colours the away team
must change to a different kit. Footballers generally wear identifying
numbers on the backs of their shirts. Originally a team of players wore
numbers from 1 to 11, corresponding roughly to their playing positions,
but at the professional level this has generally been superseded by
squad numbering, whereby each player in a squad is allocated a fixed
number for the duration of a season. Professional clubs also usually
display players' surnames and/or nicknames on their shirts, above (or,
infrequently, below) their squad numbers. Football kit has evolved
significantly since the early days of the sport, when players typically
wore thick cotton shirts, knickerbockers and heavy rigid leather boots.
In the twentieth century boots became lighter and softer, shorts were
worn at a shorter length, and advancements in clothing manufacture and
printing allowed for shirts to be made in lighter synthetic fibres with
increasingly colourful and complex designs.
Read the rest of this article:
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kit_%28association_football%29>
_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:
1192:
Third Crusade: Conrad of Montferrat, the elected King of Jerusalem, was
fatally stabbed by members of the Hashshashin.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad_of_Montferrat>
1611:
The University of Santo Tomas in Manila, one of the oldest existing
universities in Asia and one of the world's largest Catholic
universities in terms of enrollment, was founded.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Santo_Tomas>
1789:
Fletcher Christian led a mutiny aboard the Royal Navy ship HMAV Bounty
against its commander William Bligh .
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutiny_on_the_Bounty>
1923:
London's Wembley Stadium, then known as Empire Stadium, was opened to
the public for the first time and held the 1923 FA Cup Final between
Bolton Wanderers and West Ham United football clubs.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wembley_Stadium_%281923%29>
1952:
The Treaty of San Francisco entered into force, ending the occupation
of Japan by the former Allied Powers of World War II.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Francisco>
_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:
hornswoggle (v):
To deceive or trick
<http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hornswoggle>
___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:
The pen is mightier than the sword ... if the sword is very short, and
the pen is very sharp.
--Terry Pratchett
<http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Terry_Pratchett>