Anne Hutchinson (1591–1643) was a Puritan woman, spiritual adviser,
and participant in the Antinomian Controversy that shook the fledgling
Massachusetts Bay Colony from 1636 to 1638. Born in England, she was the
daughter of Francis Marbury, an Anglican minister and school teacher. As
an adult, she became attracted to the preaching of the dynamic minister
John Cotton, and followed him to New England after he was forced to
emigrate in 1633. There she shared her religious understandings with
women she helped as a midwife, and held meetings at her home to review
recent sermons and criticise ministers who did not adhere to Cotton's
"covenant of grace" theology. Her religious convictions and outspoken
demeanour riled many magistrates and Puritan clergy in the Boston area,
and her popularity and charisma helped create a theological schism that
threatened to destroy the Puritans' religious experiment. She was tried,
convicted and banished from the colony in 1637. After moving to what is
now The Bronx, then controlled by the Dutch, she was killed in an attack
by native Siwanoy in 1643. She has been called the most famous, or
infamous, English woman in colonial American history.
Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Hutchinson>
_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:
1871:
William Woods Holden became the first governor of a U.S. state
to be removed from office due to impeachment.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Woods_Holden>
1913:
Phan Xich Long (pictured), the self-proclaimed Emperor of
Vietnam, was arrested for organising a revolt against the colonial rule
of French Indochina, which was nevertheless carried out by his
supporters the following day.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phan_Xich_Long>
1943:
World War II: The entire population of the village of Khatyn in
Belarus was burnt alive by Nazi German forces, with participation from
their Ukrainian and Belarusian collaborators.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khatyn_massacre>
1945:
Egypt, Iraq, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Transjordan, and
Yemen founded the Arab League, a regional organization that facilitates
political, economic, cultural, scientific and social programs designed
to promote the interests of the Arab world.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_League>
1963:
Please Please Me, the first album recorded by The Beatles, was
released.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Please_Please_Me>
_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:
perfusion:
(medicine) The introduction of a drug or nutrients through the
bloodstream in order to reach an internal organ or tissues.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/perfusion>
___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:
If you please to give me leave I shall give you the ground of what I
know to be true.
--Anne Hutchinson
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Anne_Hutchinson>
Deusdedit (died c. 664) was a medieval Archbishop of Canterbury, the
first native-born holder of the see of Canterbury. By birth an Anglo-
Saxon, and perhaps originally named Frithona, Frithuwine or Frithonas,
he became archbishop in 655. The name Deusdedit, which he probably took
when consecrated as archbishop, means "God has given" and was the name
of a recent pope. He was archbishop for more than nine years until his
death, probably from the plague. There is some controversy over the
exact date of Deusdedit's death, owing to discrepancies in the medieval
written work that records his life. Little is known about his
episcopate. The see of Canterbury seems to have been passing through a
period of comparative obscurity and Deusdedit only consecrated one
bishop; the other new bishops in England were consecrated by Celtic or
foreign bishops. He founded a nunnery in the Isle of Thanet and helped
with the foundation of Medeshamstede Abbey, later Peterborough Abbey, in
657. He was considered to be a saint after his demise, with a feast day
of 14Â July. A saint's life was written after his relics were moved from
their original burial place in 1091 (location of unmarked grave
pictured).
Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deusdedit_of_Canterbury>
_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:
1871:
Founder of the German Empire Otto von Bismarck was proclaimed
as its first Chancellor.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_von_Bismarck>
1913:
Over 360 were killed and 20,000 homes destroyed in the Great
Dayton Flood in Dayton, Ohio.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Dayton_Flood>
1937:
A police squad, acting under orders from Governor of Puerto
Rico Blanton Winship, opened fire on demonstrators protesting the arrest
of Puerto Rican Nationalist leader Pedro Albizu Campos, killing 17
people and injuring over 200 others.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponce_massacre>
1945:
World War II: Bulgaria and the Soviet Union successfully
defended the north bank of the Drava River as the Battle of the
Transdanubian Hills concluded.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Transdanubian_Hills>
1963:
Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary on Alcatraz Island in San
Francisco Bay, California—one of the world's most notorious and best
known prisons—was closed.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcatraz_Island>
_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:
itchy trigger finger:
(idiomatic) A tendency to act in haste or without consideration.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/itchy_trigger_finger>
___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:
The community as a whole doesn't listen patiently to critics who adopt
alternative viewpoints. Although the great lesson of history is that
knowledge develops through the conflict of viewpoints. If you simply
have a consensus, it generally stultifies. It fails to see the problems
of that consensus and it depends on the existence of critics to break up
that iceberg and permit knowledge to develop. This is in fact one of the
underpinnings of democratic theory. It is one of the reasons why we
believe in notions of free speech and its one of the great forces in
terms of intellectual development.
--Walter Gilbert
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Walter_Gilbert>
The Iraq War in Anbar Province was a counter-insurgency campaign in the
Iraq War, waged in the Al Anbar Governorate in western Iraq from 2003 to
2011. It was fought primarily between the United States Marine Corps and
the Federal government of Iraq against members of the Iraqi insurgency
led by Al-Qaeda in Iraq (AQI). Almost 9,000Â Iraqis and 1,335Â Americans
were killed during the war in Anbar, mostly between April 2004 and
September 2007. Savage fighting occurred in the province in 2004,
including the First and Second Battle of Fallujah. Though the fighting
initially featured heavy urban warfare, in later years insurgents
focused on ambushing the American and Iraqi security forces with
improvised explosive devices. Both sides committed multiple human rights
violations, such as the Fallujah killings and Haditha killings. In
August 2006, several tribes located near Ramadi and led by Sheikh Abdul
Sattar Abu Risha formed the Anbar Awakening and revolted against AQI. US
and Iraqi tribal forces regained control of Anbar Province in 2007 and
turned it over to the Iraqi Government in 2008. The last American forces
left the province on 7Â December 2011.
Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq_War_in_Anbar_Province>
_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:
1602:
The Dutch East India Company was established.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company>
1923 –The Arts Club of Chicago hosted the opening of Pablo Picasso's
first United States showing, entitled Original Drawings by Pablo
Picasso, becoming an early proponent of modern art in the U.S.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arts_Club_of_Chicago>
1942:
World War II: After being forced to flee the Philippines, U.S.
General Douglas MacArthur announced in Terowie, South Australia, "I
shall return."
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur>
1987:
The antiretroviral drug zidovudine (AZT) became the first
antiviral medication approved for use against HIV and AIDS.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zidovudine>
1993:
The Troubles: The second of two bomb attacks by the Provisional
IRA in Warrington, England, killed two children.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warrington_bomb_attacks>
_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:
forethoughtful:
Having or full of forethought; provident; proactive; visionary.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/forethoughtful>
___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:
Being at one is god-like and good, but human, too human, the mania Which
insists there is only the One, one country, one truth, and one way.
--Friedrich Hölderlin
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Friedrich_H%C3%B6lderlin>
The Madeira Firecrest is a very small passerine bird that is endemic to
the island of Madeira. It is a member of the kinglet family. Before it
was recognised as a separate species in 2003, it was classified as a
subspecies of the Common Firecrest. It differs in appearance and
vocalisations from its relative, and genetic analysis suggests
evolutionary separation took place roughly 4Â million years ago. It is
small and plump, 9–10 cm (3.5–3.9 cm) long and weighing about 5 g
(0.18Â oz). It has green upperparts, whitish underparts and two white
wingbars, and a distinctive head pattern with a black eye stripe, short
white supercilium, and a crest that is mainly orange in the male and
yellow in the female. The female Madeira Firecrest builds a spherical
nest from cobwebs, moss and small twigs, and she incubates the eggs and
broods the chicks on her own. Both parents feed the young. This species
forages for insects and other small invertebrates in tree heath,
laurisilva and other woodland. It is common within its restricted range,
living mainly at higher levels from 600–1,550 m (1,950–4,900 ft)
in all types of forests and scrub, and is not considered to be
threatened.
Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira_Firecrest>
_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:
235:
Roman emperor Severus Alexander (bust pictured) was assassinated
by his legion, beginning the Crisis of the Third Century.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Severus>
1241:
Mongol invasion of Poland: Mongols overwhelmed the Polish
armies of Sandomierz and Kraków provinces in the Battle of Chmielnik
and plundered the abandoned city of Kraków.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Chmielnik>
1921:
The Polish–Soviet War, which determined the borders between
the Republic of Poland and Soviet Russia, formally concluded with the
signing of the Peace of Riga.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_of_Riga>
1969:
Vietnam War: The United States began secretly bombing the
Sihanouk Trail in Cambodia, used by communist forces to infiltrate South
Vietnam.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sihanouk_Trail>
1985:
The first episode of the Australian soap opera Neighbours was
first broadcast on the Seven Network, eventually becoming the longest
running drama in Australian television history.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neighbours>
_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:
tribology:
(physics, engineering) The science and technology of friction,
lubrication, and wear.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tribology>
___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:
The Government of the absolute majority instead of the Government of the
people is but the Government of the strongest interests; and when not
efficiently checked, it is the most tyrannical and oppressive that can
be devised.
--John C. Calhoun
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/John_C._Calhoun>
Irish Thoroughbred, the debut novel by American author Nora Roberts
(pictured), was first published in January 1981 as a category romance.
Like other category romances, it was less than 200Â pages and was
intended to be on sale for only one month. It proved so popular that it
was repackaged as a stand-alone romance and reprinted multiple times.
Roberts drew on her Irish heritage to create an Irish heroine, Adelia
"Dee" Cunnane. In the novel, Dee moves to the United States, where her
sick uncle arranges for her to marry his employer, wealthy American
horsebreeder Travis Grant. Although the early part of their relationship
is marked by frequent arguments, by the end of the story Travis and Dee
reconcile. According to one critic, the couple's transformation from
adversaries to a loving married couple is one of many formulaic elements
in the book. Although the protagonists adhered to many stereotypes
common to 1980s romance novels, Roberts's heroine is more independent
and feisty than most others of the time. Roberts wrote two sequels,
Irish Rebel and Irish Rose.
Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Thoroughbred>
_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:
455:
After arranging for the assassination of Valentinian III,
Petronius Maximus seized the throne of the Western Roman Empire, only to
be killed 11 weeks later during the sack of Rome.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petronius_Maximus>
1891:
The transatlantic steamship SSÂ Utopia accidentally collided
with the battleship HMSÂ Anson in the Bay of Gibraltar, sinking in less
than twenty minutes and killing 562.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Utopia>
1963:
The most recent eruption of Mount Agung on Bali, Indonesia,
killed approximately 1,500 people.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Agung>
1969:
Golda Meir became the first female Prime Minister of Israel.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golda_Meir>
1988:
Eritrean War of Independence: The Eritrean People's Liberation
Front encircled an Ethiopian force and gained a decisive victory in the
Battle of Afabet.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Afabet>
_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:
dudeen:
A short-stemmed Irish pipe made out of clay.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dudeen>
___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:
I am Patrick, yes a sinner and indeed untaught; yet I am established
here in Ireland where I profess myself bishop. I am certain in my heart
that "all that I am," I have received from God. So I live among
barbarous tribes, a stranger and exile for the love of God.
--Saint Patrick
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick>
The Shunzhi Emperor (1638–61) was the third emperor of the Qing
dynasty and the first Qing emperor to rule over China, which he did from
1644 to 1661. He was chosen to succeed his father Hong Taiji
(1592–1643) by a committee of Manchu princes in September 1643, when
he was five years old. Two co-regents were also appointed: Dorgon
(1612–50), fourteenth son of Qing founder Nurhaci, and Jirgalang
(1599–1655), one of Nurhaci's nephews. Political power lay mostly in
the hands of Dorgon. Under his leadership, the Qing conquered most of
the territory of the fallen Ming dynasty (1368–1644), chased Ming
loyalist regimes deep into the southwestern provinces, and established
the basis of Qing rule over China. After Dorgon's death, the young
monarch started to rule personally. He tried, with mixed success, to
fight corruption and reduce the Manchu nobility's political influence.
In the 1650s he faced a resurgence of Ming loyalist resistance, but by
1661 his armies had defeated the Qing's last enemies. He died at the age
of 22 of smallpox, against which the Manchus had no immunity. He was
succeeded by his third son, Xuanye, who subsequently reigned for sixty
years under the name of Kangxi.
Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunzhi_Emperor>
_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:
1783 - A potential uprising in Newburgh, New York, was defused when
George Washington asked Continental Army officers to support the
supremacy of Congress.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newburgh_Conspiracy>
1875:
Archbishop of New York John McCloskey was named the first
cardinal in the United States.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_McCloskey>
1892:
Liverpool F.C., one of England's most successful football
clubs, was founded.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool_F.C.>
1943:
World War II: German forces recaptured Kharkov after four days
of house-to-house fighting against Soviet troops, ending the month-long
Third Battle of Kharkov.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Kharkov>
1986:
The building housing the Hotel New World in Singapore collapsed
suddenly due to structural failure, killing 33 people.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotel_New_World_disaster>
_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:
enshrine:
1. (transitive) To enclose (a sacred relic etc.) in a shrine or chest.
2. (transitive) To preserve or cherish (something) as though in a shrine;
to preserve or contain, especially with some reverence.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/enshrine>
___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:
Lonely, unto the Lone I go; Divine, to the Divinity. 

--Lionel Johnson
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Lionel_Johnson>
Nikita Filatov (born 1990) is a Russian professional ice hockey player.
Since 2012, he has been a member of Salavat Yulaev, a club based in Ufa,
Bashkortostan, that plays in the Kontinental Hockey League. He began his
career playing for CSKA Moscow in their minor and junior hockey systems.
He joined the National Hockey League (NHL) in the 2008 Entry Draft as
the top-ranked European skater by the NHL Central Scouting Bureau, and
was selected sixth overall by the Columbus Blue Jackets. He has played
two seasons in North America, splitting time between the Blue Jackets
and their previous AHL affiliate, the Syracuse Crunch. During the
2009–10 season, Filatov was unhappy with his situation in Columbus
and was loaned to CSKA Moscow for the remainder of the season. At the
2011Â NHL Entry Draft, Filatov was traded to the Ottawa Senators, and
then was again loaned to CSKA Moscow. Filatov has represented Russia in
international hockey at two World U18Â Championships, winning gold and
silver medals, and three World Junior Championships, where he has won
two bronze medals. He was named to the Tournament All-Star Team at the
2008Â World U18Â Championships and the 2009Â World Junior Championships.
Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikita_Filatov>
_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:
1885:
The Mikado (poster pictured), Gilbert and Sullivan's most
frequently performed Savoy Opera, debuted at the Savoy Theatre in
London.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Mikado>
1915:
First World War: British forces cornered and sank the SMS
Dresden, the last remnant of the German East Asia Squadron, near the
Chilean island of Más a Tierra.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_M%C3%A1s_a_Tierra>
1937:
Pope Pius XI issued the encyclical Mit brennender Sorge,
condemning antisemitism, criticizing Nazism, listing breaches of an
agreement signed with the Roman Catholic Church.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mit_brennender_Sorge>
1978:
Israeli–Lebanese conflict: The Israel Defense Forces began
Operation Litani, invading and occupying southern Lebanon, and pushing
PLO troops north up to the Litani River.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978_South_Lebanon_conflict>
2008:
A series of riots, protests, and demonstrations erupted in
Lhasa and elsewhere in Tibet.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Tibetan_unrest>
_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:
annis Domini:
(of multiple years or of a date range) Taking place a specifed number of
years following the assumed birth of Jesus Christ.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/annis_Domini>
___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:
--Albert Einstein
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein>
Amanita muscaria, commonly known as the fly agaric, is a poisonous and
psychoactive basidiomycete fungus, one of many in the genus Amanita.
Native throughout the temperate and boreal regions of the Northern
Hemisphere, Amanita muscaria has been unintentionally introduced to many
countries in the southern hemisphere, generally as a symbiont with pine
plantations, and is now a true cosmopolitan species. The quintessential
toadstool, it is a large white-gilled, white-spotted, usually deep red
mushroom, one of the most recognizable and widely encountered in popular
culture. Although it is generally considered poisonous, deaths from its
consumption are extremely rare, and it is eaten as a food in parts of
Europe, Asia, and North America after parboiling. Amanita muscaria is
noted for its hallucinogenic properties, with its main psychoactive
constituent being the compound muscimol. It was used as an intoxicant
and entheogen by the peoples of Siberia and has a religious significance
in these cultures. There has been much speculation on traditional use of
this mushroom as an intoxicant in places other than Siberia; however,
such traditions are far less well documented.
Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanita_muscaria>
_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:
1781:
German-born astronomer and composer William Herschel discovered
the planet Uranus while in the garden of his house in Bath, Somerset,
thinking it was a comet.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus>
1884:
Mahdist War: Forces loyal to self-proclaimed Mahdi Muhammad
Ahmad began a 319-day siege of a combined Anglo-Egyptian force defending
Khartoum, Sudan.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Khartoum>
1920:
The Kapp Putsch briefly ousted the Weimar Republic government
from Berlin.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapp_Putsch>
1943:
The Holocaust: Nazi German troops began liquidating the Jewish
Ghetto in Kraków, Poland, sending about 8,000 Jews deemed able to work
to the Plaszow labor camp (deportation pictured), with the rest either
killed or sent to Auschwitz.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w_Ghetto>
1962:
Chairman of the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff Lyman Lemnitzer
delivered a proposal to Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara called
Operation Northwoods to create public support for a war against Fidel
Castro and Cuba, which was eventually rejected by President John F.
Kennedy.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Northwoods>
_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:
hamiform:
Curved at the extremity, shaped like a hook.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hamiform>
___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:
The history of religions reaches down and makes contact with that which
is essentially human: the relation of man to the sacred. The history of
religions can play an extremely important role in the crisis we are
living through. The crises of modern man are to a large extent religious
ones, insofar as they are an awakening of his awareness to an absence of
meaning.
--Mircea Eliade
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Mircea_Eliade>