Cardiff City Football Club is a professional association football club
based in Cardiff, Wales. They entered the Southern Football League in
1910 and joined the English Football League (EFL) in 1920. Since then,
the club has spent 17 seasons in the top tier of English football,
including nine seasons in the 1920s and the 2018–19 Premier League
season. In 1927 they became the only team from outside England to have
won the FA Cup. They reached the FA Cup Final in 1925 and 2008, and the
EFL Cup Final in 2012. They have won the Welsh Cup 22 times, making them
the second-best performers in the competition's history behind Wrexham.
Ninian Park (grandstand pictured) was their home ground for 99 years,
until they moved into the Cardiff City Stadium in 2009. They have long-
standing rivalries with two nearby clubs, the South Wales derby with
Swansea City and the Severnside derby with Bristol City. The club's top
goalscorer is Len Davies with 179 goals.
Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff_City_F.C.>
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Today's selected anniversaries:
1987:
An underground fire killed 31 people at King's Cross St Pancras
tube station in London.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King%27s_Cross_fire>
1999:
Texas A&M; University's Aggie Bonfire collapsed (aftermath
pictured), killing 12 people and injuring 27 others, and causing the
university to officially declare a hiatus on the 90-year-old annual
event.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggie_Bonfire>
2017:
Cyclone Numa, a rare "medicane", made landfall in Greece to
become the worst weather event that the country had experienced since
1977.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclone_Numa>
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Wiktionary's word of the day:
Minecrafter:
(video games) A person who plays the game Minecraft.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Minecrafter>
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Wikiquote quote of the day:
 A lot of people facing fascism didn’t become fascists. I
don’t happen to believe that we are all monsters. Â
--Margaret Atwood
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Margaret_Atwood>
HMSÂ Royal Oak was one of five British Revenge-class battleships built
for the Royal Navy during the First World War. Launched on 17 November
1914, the ship first saw combat at the Battle of Jutland. On 14 October
1939, she was torpedoed by the German submarine U-47 while anchored at
Scapa Flow in Orkney, Scotland; 835 were killed that night or died later
of their wounds. The loss of the outdated ship—the first of the five
Royal Navy battleships and battlecruisers sunk in the Second World
War—did little to affect the numerical superiority enjoyed by the
British navy and its allies, but the sinking had a considerable effect
on wartime morale. Günther Prien, the U-boat commander, became the
first German submarine officer to be awarded the Knight's Cross of the
Iron Cross. Demonstrating that the German navy was capable of bringing
the war to British home waters, the raid resulted in rapid changes to
dockland security and the construction of the Churchill Barriers around
Scapa Flow.
Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Royal_Oak_%2808%29>
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Today's selected anniversaries:
1894:
H. H. Holmes, one of the first modern serial killers, was
arrested in Boston after having killed at least nine people.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H._H._Holmes>
1978:
The television show Star Wars Holiday Special was broadcast in
the United States and became notorious for its extremely negative
reception.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars_Holiday_Special>
2009:
Administrators at the University of East Anglia's Climatic
Research Unit discovered that their servers had been hacked and
thousands of emails and files on climate change had been stolen.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climatic_Research_Unit_email_controversy>
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Wiktionary's word of the day:
ulp:
1. The sound of a person gulping in fear. [...]
2. (computer science, mathematics) The value that the least significant
digit of a floating-point number represents, used as a measure of
accuracy in numeric calculations.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ulp>
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Wikiquote quote of the day:
 Workers, the most absolutely necessary part of the whole social
structure, without whose services none can either eat, or clothe, or
shelter himself, are just the ones who get the least to eat, to wear,
and to be housed withal — to say nothing of their share of the other
social benefits which the rest of us are supposed to furnish, such as
education and artistic gratification. Â
--Voltairine de Cleyre
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Voltairine_de_Cleyre>
No. 33 Squadron is a Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) strategic
transport and air-to-air refuelling squadron. It operates Airbus KC-30A
Multi Role Tanker Transports from RAAF Base Amberley, Queensland. The
squadron was formed in February 1942 during World War II, operating
Short Empire flying boats and a variety of smaller aircraft until 1944,
and flying Douglas C-47 Dakota transports in New Guinea before
disbanding in May 1946. The unit was re-established in February 1981 as
a flight, and re-formed as a full squadron in July 1983. By 1988 it was
operating six Boeing 707s, four of which were later converted for
aerial refuelling (pictured). The 707s saw active service during
operations in Namibia, Somalia, the Persian Gulf, and Afghanistan.
No. 33 Squadron relocated to Amberley, and in June 2011 began re-
equipping with KC-30As. One of its aircraft has been deployed to the
Middle East since September 2014, as part of Australia's contribution to
the military coalition against ISIS.
Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No._33_Squadron_RAAF>
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Today's selected anniversaries:
1864:
American Civil War: Union Army General William T. Sherman began
his "March to the Sea", inflicting significant damage to property and
infrastructure on his way from Atlanta to Savannah, Georgia.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Tecumseh_Sherman>
1922:
During a general strike in Guayaquil, Ecuador, police and
military fired into a crowd, killing at least 300 people.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1922_Guayaquil_general_strike>
1959:
Two men murdered a family in Holcomb, Kansas; the events became
the subject of Truman Capote's non-fiction novel In Cold Blood, a
pioneering work of the true crime genre.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_Cold_Blood>
2012:
After ten years as General Secretary of the Communist Party of
China, Hu Jintao stepped down and was replaced by Xi Jinping (pictured).
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi_Jinping>
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Wiktionary's word of the day:
unwearied:
1. Not wearied, not tired.
2. Never tiring; tireless.
3. Not stopping; persistent, relentless.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/unwearied>
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Wikiquote quote of the day:
 Where there is much pretension, much has been borrowed: nature
never pretends. Â
--Johann Kaspar Lavater
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Johann_Kaspar_Lavater>
Bernard Hinault (born 14 November 1954) is a former professional cyclist
from France. With 147 professional victories, he is often named among
the greatest cyclists of all time. Hinault started cycling as an amateur
in his native Brittany before turning professional in 1975. His
successes in the Grand Tours include five victories at the Tour de
France, three at the Giro d'Italia and two at the Vuelta a España. He
was also successful in one-day races, winning, among others, the 1980
Liège–Bastogne–Liège (run on snow-covered roads), the 1981
Paris–Roubaix and the World Road Race title in 1980. His principal
rivals included Joop Zoetemelk, as well as former teammates Laurent
Fignon and Greg LeMond, with whom he battled during the Tours in 1985
and 1986, before retiring at the end of that year. He remains the most
recent French winner of the Tour de France. Throughout his career,
Hinault was known by the nickname le blaireau, or "badger", for his
aggressive racing.
Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Hinault>
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Today's selected anniversaries:
1910:
Aviator Eugene Burton Ely performed the first takeoff from a
ship, flying from a makeshift deck on USSÂ Birmingham in Hampton Roads,
Virginia.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Burton_Ely>
1952:
Al Martino's song "Here in My Heart" became the first number
one on the UK Singles Chart.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UK_Singles_Chart>
2003:
Astronomers Michael E. Brown, Chad Trujillo, and David L.
Rabinowitz discovered the trans-Neptunian object Sedna.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/90377_Sedna>
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Wiktionary's word of the day:
pandect:
1. (Ancient Rome, law, historical) Usually in the plural form Pandects:
a compendium or digest of writings on Roman law divided in 50 books,
compiled in the 6th century C.E. by order of the Eastern Roman emperor
Justinian I (c. 482–565).
2. (by extension, rare) Also in the plural form pandects: a
comprehensive collection of laws; specifically, the whole body of law of
a country; a legal code.
3. (by extension, also figuratively) A treatise or similar work that is
comprehensive as to a particular topic; specifically (Christianity) a
manuscript of the entire Bible.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pandect>
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Wikiquote quote of the day:
 One of the annoying things about believing in free will and
individual responsibility is the difficulty of finding somebody to blame
your problems on. And when you do find somebody, it's remarkable how
often his picture turns up on your driver's license. Â
--P. J. O'Rourke
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/P._J._O%27Rourke>
Atlanersa was a Kushite ruler of the Napatan kingdom of Nubia in modern-
day Sudan, reigning for about a decade in the mid-7th-century BC. He
was the successor of Tantamani, the last ruler of the 25th Dynasty of
Egypt, and possibly a son of Taharqa. Atlanersa's reign immediately
followed the collapse of Nubian control over Egypt, which witnessed the
conquest by the Assyrians and then the beginning of the Late Period
under Psamtik I. The same period also saw the progressive cultural
integration of Egyptian beliefs into the Kushite civilization. Atlanersa
built a pyramid in the necropolis of Nuri, which produced many small
artefacts now on display in the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston.
Atlanersa's most prominent construction is his temple to the syncretic
god Osiris-Dedwen in Jebel Barkal, which he was able to finish and
partially decorate. The temple entrance was to be flanked with two
colossal statues of the king, one of which was completed and set in
place and is now in the National Museum of Sudan.
Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlanersa>
_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:
1841:
Scottish surgeon James Braid observed a demonstration of animal
magnetism, which inspired him to study the subject he eventually called
hypnotism.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Braid_%28surgeon%29>
1914:
Zaian War: Zaian Berber tribesmen routed French forces in
Morocco at the Battle of El Herri.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_El_Herri>
1974:
In Amityville, New York, Ronald DeFeo Jr. killed the other six
members of his family, later inspiring the book The Amityville Horror
and subsequent film series.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_DeFeo_Jr.>
1982:
South Korean boxer Kim Duk-koo suffered fatal brain injuries
during a match with American Ray Mancini in Las Vegas, leading to
significant rule changes in the sport.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Duk-koo>
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Wiktionary's word of the day:
insatiate:
(archaic or literary) That is not satiated; insatiable.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/insatiate>
___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:
 A man has generally the good or ill qualities which he attributes
to mankind. Â
--William Shenstone
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/William_Shenstone>
Operation Catechism was a British air raid of World War II that resulted
in the destruction of the German battleship Tirpitz (depiction shown).
On 12 November 1944, 29 Royal Air Force heavy bombers targeted the
battleship at an anchorage near the Norwegian city of Tromsø. The ship
capsized after being struck by at least two bombs and damaged by the
explosions of others, killing between 940 and 1,204 members of the crew.
Rescuers picked up hundreds of her crew from the water, but few of those
trapped within the hull were saved. The British bombers were unmolested
by a unit of German fighter aircraft stationed near Tromsø, and only
one was significantly damaged by anti-aircraft artillery. The attack
marked the end of a long-running series of air and naval operations
against Tirpitz. The battleship's destruction was celebrated in Allied
countries, as well as by Norwegian civilians, and is commemorated by
several memorials and displays in museums.
Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Catechism>
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Today's selected anniversaries:
1912:
The bodies of Robert Falcon Scott and his companions were
discovered, roughly eight months after their deaths during the ill-fated
British Antarctic Expedition 1910.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Falcon_Scott>
1970:
The Oregon Highway Division unsuccessfully attempted to destroy
a rotting beached sperm whale near Florence, Oregon, with dynamite.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exploding_whale#Oregon>
1996:
A Saudi Arabian Airlines Boeing 747 and a Kazakhstan Airlines
cargo plane collided in mid-air near New Delhi, killing 349 people.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996_Charkhi_Dadri_mid-air_collision>
2006:
Although the Georgian government declared it illegal, South
Ossetia held a referendum on independence, with about 99Â percent of
voters in favour of preserving the region's status as a de facto
independent state.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_South_Ossetian_independence_referendum>
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Wiktionary's word of the day:
fichu:
(chiefly historical) A woman's lightweight triangular scarf worn over
the shoulders and tied in front, or tucked into a bodice to cover the
exposed part of the neck and chest.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fichu>
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Wikiquote quote of the day:
 When the true lover and devoted friend reacheth to the presence
of the Beloved, the sparkling beauty of the Loved One and the fire of
the lover’s heart will kindle a blaze and burn away all veils and
wrappings. Yea, all he hath, from heart to skin, will be set aflame, so
that nothing will remain save the Friend. He who hath attained this
station is sanctified from all that pertaineth to the world. Wherefore,
if those who have come to the sea of His presence are found to possess
none of the limited things of this perishable world, whether it be outer
wealth or personal opinions, it mattereth not. For whatever the
creatures have is limited by their own limits, and whatever the True One
hath is sanctified therefrom; this utterance must be deeply pondered
that its purport may be clear. Â
--Bahá'u'lláh
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%27u%27ll%C3%A1h>
Northampton War Memorial is a First World War memorial on Wood Hill in
the centre of Northampton, the county town of Northamptonshire, in
central England. Designed by architect Sir Edwin Lutyens and unveiled on
11 November 1926, it stands in a small garden in what was once part of
the churchyard of All Saints' Church. It is one of the more elaborate
town memorials in England, with a pair of obelisks, characteristic of
the Lutyens war memorials, and a Stone of Remembrance, which he designed
for the Imperial War Graves Commission. Stone flags appear as if draped
on the obelisks; this feature is shared by several of his memorials, but
was rejected for his Cenotaph in London. Today the Northampton War
Memorial is a Grade I listed building; it was upgraded from Grade II in
2015 when the Lutyens war memorials were declared a "national
collection" and all were granted listed building status or had their
listing renewed.
Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northampton_War_Memorial>
_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:
1778:
American Revolutionary War: British forces and their Iroquois
allies attacked a fort and the village of Cherry Valley, New York,
killing 14 soldiers and 30 civilians.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherry_Valley_massacre>
1918:
Józef Piłsudski was appointed commander-in-chief of Polish
forces by the Regency Council and was entrusted with creating a national
government for the newly independent country.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Pi%C5%82sudski>
1960:
A coup attempt by the Army of the Republic of Vietnam against
President Ngo Dinh Diem was crushed after Diem falsely promised reform,
allowing loyalists to rescue him.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960_South_Vietnamese_coup_attempt>
1999:
The House of Lords Act was given royal assent, removing most
hereditary peers from the British House of Lords.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Lords_Act_1999>
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Wiktionary's word of the day:
war-weary:
1. Weary or tired of war.
2. Tired from fighting in a war.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/war-weary>
___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:
 The eleventh day of the eleventh month has always seemed to me to
be special. Even if the reason for it fell apart as the years went on,
it was a symbol of something close to the high part of the heart.
Perhaps a life that stretches through two or three wars takes its first
war rather seriously, but I still think we should have kept the name
"Armistice Day." Its implications were a little more profound, a little
more hopeful. Â
--Walt Kelly
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Walt_Kelly>
Mary Bell (3 December 1903 – 6 February 1979), nicknamed "Paddy",
was an Australian aviator and founding leader of the Women's Air
Training Corps, a volunteer organisation that provided support to the
Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) during World War II. She later helped
establish the Women's Auxiliary Australian Air Force (WAAAF), the first
and largest women's wartime service in the country, which grew to more
than 18,000 members by 1944. Born Mary Fernandes in Launceston,
Tasmania, she married John Bell, an RAAF officer, in 1923 and obtained a
pilot's licence in 1927. Given temporary command of the WAAAF on its
formation in 1941, she was passed over as its inaugural director in
favour of corporate executive Clare Stevenson. Bell refused the post of
deputy director and resigned, but later rejoined and served until the
final months of the war. She and her husband became farmers after
leaving the military.
Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Bell_%28aviator%29>
_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:
1945:
Indonesian National Revolution: Following the killing of
British officer Brigadier A. W. S. Mallaby a few weeks earlier, British
forces retaliated by attacking Surabaya.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Surabaya>
1969:
The children's television series Sesame Street (puppeteer
Caroll Spinney pictured) premiered in the United States.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sesame_Street>
1975:
SSÂ Edmund Fitzgerald, the largest ship on North America's
Great Lakes, sank in Lake Superior with the loss of 29 lives.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Edmund_Fitzgerald>
2009:
Ships of the South Korean and North Korean navies skirmished
off Daecheong Island in the Yellow Sea.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Daecheong>
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Wiktionary's word of the day:
sumac:
1. Any of various shrubs or small trees of the genus Rhus and other
genera in Anacardiaceae, particularly the elm-leaved sumac, Sicilian
sumac, or tanner's sumac (Rhus coriaria).
2. Dried and chopped-up leaves and stems of a plant of the genus Rhus,
particularly the tanner's sumac (see sense 1), used for dyeing and
tanning leather or for medicinal purposes.
3. A sour spice popular in the Eastern Mediterranean, made from the
berries of tanner's sumac.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sumac>
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Wikiquote quote of the day:
 All writers … have an obligation to our readers: it's the
obligation to write true things, especially important when we are
creating tales of people who do not exist in places that never were —
to understand that truth is not in what happens but what it tells us
about who we are. Fiction is the lie that tells the truth, after all.
Â
--Neil Gaiman
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Neil_Gaiman>