The Iraq War in Anbar Province was a counter-insurgency campaign in the
Iraq War, waged in the Al Anbar Governorate in western Iraq from 2003 to
2011. It was fought primarily between the United States Marine Corps and
the Federal government of Iraq against members of the Iraqi insurgency
led by Al-Qaeda in Iraq (AQI). Almost 9,000 Iraqis and 1,335 Americans
were killed during the war in Anbar, mostly between April 2004 and
September 2007. Savage fighting occurred in the province in 2004,
including the First and Second Battle of Fallujah. Though the fighting
initially featured heavy urban warfare, in later years insurgents
focused on ambushing the American and Iraqi security forces with
improvised explosive devices. Both sides committed multiple human rights
violations, such as the Fallujah killings and Haditha killings. In
August 2006, several tribes located near Ramadi and led by Sheikh Abdul
Sattar Abu Risha formed the Anbar Awakening and revolted against AQI. US
and Iraqi tribal forces regained control of Anbar Province in 2007 and
turned it over to the Iraqi Government in 2008. The last American forces
left the province on 7 December 2011.
Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq_War_in_Anbar_Province>
_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:
1602:
The Dutch East India Company was established.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company>
1923 –The Arts Club of Chicago hosted the opening of Pablo Picasso's
first United States showing, entitled Original Drawings by Pablo
Picasso, becoming an early proponent of modern art in the U.S.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arts_Club_of_Chicago>
1942:
World War II: After being forced to flee the Philippines, U.S.
General Douglas MacArthur announced in Terowie, South Australia, "I
shall return."
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur>
1987:
The antiretroviral drug zidovudine (AZT) became the first
antiviral medication approved for use against HIV and AIDS.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zidovudine>
1993:
The Troubles: The second of two bomb attacks by the Provisional
IRA in Warrington, England, killed two children.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warrington_bomb_attacks>
_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:
forethoughtful:
Having or full of forethought; provident; proactive; visionary.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/forethoughtful>
___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:
Being at one is god-like and good, but human, too human, the mania Which
insists there is only the One, one country, one truth, and one way.
--Friedrich Hölderlin
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Friedrich_H%C3%B6lderlin>
Tender Mercies is a 1983 American drama film. Robert Duvall (pictured)
plays Mac Sledge, a recovering alcoholic country music singer who seeks
to turn his life around through his relationship with a young widow and
her son in rural Texas. Duvall, who sang his own songs in the film,
drove more than 600 miles (966 km) throughout the state, tape recording
local accents and playing in country music bands to prepare for the
role. He and director Bruce Beresford repeatedly clashed during
production, at one point prompting Beresford to walk off the set and
reportedly consider quitting. Themes include the importance of love and
family, the possibility of spiritual resurrection amid death, and the
concept of redemption through Mac Sledge's conversion to Christianity.
Following poor test screening results, distributor Universal Pictures
made little effort to publicize Tender Mercies, which Duvall attributed
to the studio's lack of understanding of country music. Although
unsuccessful at the box office, it was critically acclaimed and earned
five Academy Award nominations, including one for Best Picture. Tender
Mercies won Oscars for Best Original Screenplay for Horton Foote and
Best Actor for Duvall.
Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tender_Mercies>
_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:
1808:
Charles IV of Spain abdicated in favour of his son,
Ferdinand VII.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_IV_of_Spain>
1915:
Pluto was photographed for the first time, 15 years before it
was officially discovered by Clyde Tombaugh at the Lowell Observatory.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto>
1962:
Highly influential American musician Bob Dylan released his
eponymous debut album.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan>
1978:
In response to the Israeli invasion of Lebanon, the United
Nations called on Israel to immediately withdraw its forces from
Lebanon, and established the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_425>
2011:
Libyan civil war: The French Air Force launched Opération
Harmattan, beginning foreign military intervention in Libya.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Op%C3%A9ration_Harmattan>
_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:
vaguery:
1. (uncountable) Vagueness, the condition of being vague.
2. (countable) A vagueness, a thing which is vague, an example of
vagueness.
3. (countable, in the plural) An eggcorn for vagaries.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vaguery>
___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:
The humblest citizen in all the land, when clad in the armor of a
righteous cause, is stronger than all the hosts of error.
--William Jennings Bryan
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan>
The Madeira Firecrest is a very small passerine bird that is endemic to
the island of Madeira. It is a member of the kinglet family. Before it
was recognised as a separate species in 2003, it was classified as a
subspecies of the Common Firecrest. It differs in appearance and
vocalisations from its relative, and genetic analysis suggests
evolutionary separation took place roughly 4 million years ago. It is
small and plump, 9–10 cm (3.5–3.9 cm) long and weighing about 5 g
(0.18 oz). It has green upperparts, whitish underparts and two white
wingbars, and a distinctive head pattern with a black eye stripe, short
white supercilium, and a crest that is mainly orange in the male and
yellow in the female. The female Madeira Firecrest builds a spherical
nest from cobwebs, moss and small twigs, and she incubates the eggs and
broods the chicks on her own. Both parents feed the young. This species
forages for insects and other small invertebrates in tree heath,
laurisilva and other woodland. It is common within its restricted range,
living mainly at higher levels from 600–1,550 m (1,950–4,900 ft)
in all types of forests and scrub, and is not considered to be
threatened.
Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira_Firecrest>
_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:
235:
Roman emperor Severus Alexander (bust pictured) was assassinated
by his legion, beginning the Crisis of the Third Century.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Severus>
1241:
Mongol invasion of Poland: Mongols overwhelmed the Polish
armies of Sandomierz and Kraków provinces in the Battle of Chmielnik
and plundered the abandoned city of Kraków.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Chmielnik>
1921:
The Polish–Soviet War, which determined the borders between
the Republic of Poland and Soviet Russia, formally concluded with the
signing of the Peace of Riga.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_of_Riga>
1969:
Vietnam War: The United States began secretly bombing the
Sihanouk Trail in Cambodia, used by communist forces to infiltrate South
Vietnam.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sihanouk_Trail>
1985:
The first episode of the Australian soap opera Neighbours was
first broadcast on the Seven Network, eventually becoming the longest
running drama in Australian television history.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neighbours>
_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:
tribology:
(physics, engineering) The science and technology of friction,
lubrication, and wear.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tribology>
___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:
The Government of the absolute majority instead of the Government of the
people is but the Government of the strongest interests; and when not
efficiently checked, it is the most tyrannical and oppressive that can
be devised.
--John C. Calhoun
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/John_C._Calhoun>
Irish Thoroughbred, the debut novel by American author Nora Roberts
(pictured), was first published in January 1981 as a category romance.
Like other category romances, it was less than 200 pages and was
intended to be on sale for only one month. It proved so popular that it
was repackaged as a stand-alone romance and reprinted multiple times.
Roberts drew on her Irish heritage to create an Irish heroine, Adelia
"Dee" Cunnane. In the novel, Dee moves to the United States, where her
sick uncle arranges for her to marry his employer, wealthy American
horsebreeder Travis Grant. Although the early part of their relationship
is marked by frequent arguments, by the end of the story Travis and Dee
reconcile. According to one critic, the couple's transformation from
adversaries to a loving married couple is one of many formulaic elements
in the book. Although the protagonists adhered to many stereotypes
common to 1980s romance novels, Roberts's heroine is more independent
and feisty than most others of the time. Roberts wrote two sequels,
Irish Rebel and Irish Rose.
Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Thoroughbred>
_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:
455:
After arranging for the assassination of Valentinian III,
Petronius Maximus seized the throne of the Western Roman Empire, only to
be killed 11 weeks later during the sack of Rome.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petronius_Maximus>
1891:
The transatlantic steamship SS Utopia accidentally collided
with the battleship HMS Anson in the Bay of Gibraltar, sinking in less
than twenty minutes and killing 562.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Utopia>
1963:
The most recent eruption of Mount Agung on Bali, Indonesia,
killed approximately 1,500 people.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Agung>
1969:
Golda Meir became the first female Prime Minister of Israel.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golda_Meir>
1988:
Eritrean War of Independence: The Eritrean People's Liberation
Front encircled an Ethiopian force and gained a decisive victory in the
Battle of Afabet.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Afabet>
_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:
dudeen:
A short-stemmed Irish pipe made out of clay.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dudeen>
___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:
I am Patrick, yes a sinner and indeed untaught; yet I am established
here in Ireland where I profess myself bishop. I am certain in my heart
that "all that I am," I have received from God. So I live among
barbarous tribes, a stranger and exile for the love of God.
--Saint Patrick
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick>
The Icelandic Phallological Museum, in Reykjavík, Iceland, houses the
world's largest display of penises and penile parts. The collection of
280 specimens from 93 species includes samples from whales (pictured),
seals and land mammals. Exhibits are preserved in formaldehyde and
displayed in jars or are dried and hung or mounted on the museum's walls
and in display cases. The largest item on display once belonged to a
blue whale; the smallest, from a hamster, can only be seen with a
magnifying glass. The museum claims that it has specimens from elves and
trolls that cannot be seen at all since, according to Icelandic
folklore, these creatures are invisible. In July 2011, the museum
obtained its first human specimen, but the preservation process did not
go according to plan and the museum hopes to acquire a "younger and a
bigger and better" example. Founded in 1997 by a retired teacher, it
attracts thousands of visitors a year—the majority of them women—and
has received international media attention. According to its mission
statement, the museum aims to enable "individuals to undertake serious
study into the field of phallology in an organized, scientific fashion".
Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icelandic_Phallological_Museum>
_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:
1243:
Following their successful siege of Montségur, French royal
forces burned about 210 Cathar Perfecti and unrepentant credentes.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Monts%C3%A9gur>
1802:
The United States Congress authorized the establishment of the
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in order to operate the U.S. Military
Academy (coat of arms pictured) at West Point, New York.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy>
1962:
Flying Tiger Line Flight 739, a charter flight carrying U.S.
and South Vietnamese soldiers, disappeared without a trace, prompting
one of the largest air and sea searches in the history of the Pacific.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flying_Tiger_Line_Flight_739>
1988:
Using pistols and grenades, loyalist Michael Stone attacked the
funeral of three Provisional IRA volunteers who had been killed in
Gibraltar ten days earlier, killing three attendees and injuring over 60
more.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milltown_Cemetery_attack>
2006:
The United Nations General Assembly voted overwhelmingly to
establish the UN Human Rights Council.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Rights_Council>
_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:
damnify:
(law) To cause injuries or loss to.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/damnify>
___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:
Each time dawn appears, the mystery is there in its entirety.
--René Daumal
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Daumal>
The Shunzhi Emperor (1638–61) was the third emperor of the Qing
dynasty and the first Qing emperor to rule over China, which he did from
1644 to 1661. He was chosen to succeed his father Hong Taiji
(1592–1643) by a committee of Manchu princes in September 1643, when
he was five years old. Two co-regents were also appointed: Dorgon
(1612–50), fourteenth son of Qing founder Nurhaci, and Jirgalang
(1599–1655), one of Nurhaci's nephews. Political power lay mostly in
the hands of Dorgon. Under his leadership, the Qing conquered most of
the territory of the fallen Ming dynasty (1368–1644), chased Ming
loyalist regimes deep into the southwestern provinces, and established
the basis of Qing rule over China. After Dorgon's death, the young
monarch started to rule personally. He tried, with mixed success, to
fight corruption and reduce the Manchu nobility's political influence.
In the 1650s he faced a resurgence of Ming loyalist resistance, but by
1661 his armies had defeated the Qing's last enemies. He died at the age
of 22 of smallpox, against which the Manchus had no immunity. He was
succeeded by his third son, Xuanye, who subsequently reigned for sixty
years under the name of Kangxi.
Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunzhi_Emperor>
_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:
1783 - A potential uprising in Newburgh, New York, was defused when
George Washington asked Continental Army officers to support the
supremacy of Congress.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newburgh_Conspiracy>
1875:
Archbishop of New York John McCloskey was named the first
cardinal in the United States.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_McCloskey>
1892:
Liverpool F.C., one of England's most successful football
clubs, was founded.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool_F.C.>
1943:
World War II: German forces recaptured Kharkov after four days
of house-to-house fighting against Soviet troops, ending the month-long
Third Battle of Kharkov.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Kharkov>
1986:
The building housing the Hotel New World in Singapore collapsed
suddenly due to structural failure, killing 33 people.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotel_New_World_disaster>
_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:
enshrine:
1. (transitive) To enclose (a sacred relic etc.) in a shrine or chest.
2. (transitive) To preserve or cherish (something) as though in a shrine;
to preserve or contain, especially with some reverence.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/enshrine>
___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:
Lonely, unto the Lone I go; Divine, to the Divinity.
--Lionel Johnson
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Lionel_Johnson>
Nikita Filatov (born 1990) is a Russian professional ice hockey player.
Since 2012, he has been a member of Salavat Yulaev, a club based in Ufa,
Bashkortostan, that plays in the Kontinental Hockey League. He began his
career playing for CSKA Moscow in their minor and junior hockey systems.
He joined the National Hockey League (NHL) in the 2008 Entry Draft as
the top-ranked European skater by the NHL Central Scouting Bureau, and
was selected sixth overall by the Columbus Blue Jackets. He has played
two seasons in North America, splitting time between the Blue Jackets
and their previous AHL affiliate, the Syracuse Crunch. During the
2009–10 season, Filatov was unhappy with his situation in Columbus
and was loaned to CSKA Moscow for the remainder of the season. At the
2011 NHL Entry Draft, Filatov was traded to the Ottawa Senators, and
then was again loaned to CSKA Moscow. Filatov has represented Russia in
international hockey at two World U18 Championships, winning gold and
silver medals, and three World Junior Championships, where he has won
two bronze medals. He was named to the Tournament All-Star Team at the
2008 World U18 Championships and the 2009 World Junior Championships.
Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikita_Filatov>
_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:
1885:
The Mikado (poster pictured), Gilbert and Sullivan's most
frequently performed Savoy Opera, debuted at the Savoy Theatre in
London.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Mikado>
1915:
First World War: British forces cornered and sank the SMS
Dresden, the last remnant of the German East Asia Squadron, near the
Chilean island of Más a Tierra.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_M%C3%A1s_a_Tierra>
1937:
Pope Pius XI issued the encyclical Mit brennender Sorge,
condemning antisemitism, criticizing Nazism, listing breaches of an
agreement signed with the Roman Catholic Church.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mit_brennender_Sorge>
1978:
Israeli–Lebanese conflict: The Israel Defense Forces began
Operation Litani, invading and occupying southern Lebanon, and pushing
PLO troops north up to the Litani River.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978_South_Lebanon_conflict>
2008:
A series of riots, protests, and demonstrations erupted in
Lhasa and elsewhere in Tibet.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Tibetan_unrest>
_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:
annis Domini:
(of multiple years or of a date range) Taking place a specifed number of
years following the assumed birth of Jesus Christ.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/annis_Domini>
___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:
--Albert Einstein
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein>
Amanita muscaria, commonly known as the fly agaric, is a poisonous and
psychoactive basidiomycete fungus, one of many in the genus Amanita.
Native throughout the temperate and boreal regions of the Northern
Hemisphere, Amanita muscaria has been unintentionally introduced to many
countries in the southern hemisphere, generally as a symbiont with pine
plantations, and is now a true cosmopolitan species. The quintessential
toadstool, it is a large white-gilled, white-spotted, usually deep red
mushroom, one of the most recognizable and widely encountered in popular
culture. Although it is generally considered poisonous, deaths from its
consumption are extremely rare, and it is eaten as a food in parts of
Europe, Asia, and North America after parboiling. Amanita muscaria is
noted for its hallucinogenic properties, with its main psychoactive
constituent being the compound muscimol. It was used as an intoxicant
and entheogen by the peoples of Siberia and has a religious significance
in these cultures. There has been much speculation on traditional use of
this mushroom as an intoxicant in places other than Siberia; however,
such traditions are far less well documented.
Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanita_muscaria>
_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:
1781:
German-born astronomer and composer William Herschel discovered
the planet Uranus while in the garden of his house in Bath, Somerset,
thinking it was a comet.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus>
1884:
Mahdist War: Forces loyal to self-proclaimed Mahdi Muhammad
Ahmad began a 319-day siege of a combined Anglo-Egyptian force defending
Khartoum, Sudan.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Khartoum>
1920:
The Kapp Putsch briefly ousted the Weimar Republic government
from Berlin.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapp_Putsch>
1943:
The Holocaust: Nazi German troops began liquidating the Jewish
Ghetto in Kraków, Poland, sending about 8,000 Jews deemed able to work
to the Plaszow labor camp (deportation pictured), with the rest either
killed or sent to Auschwitz.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w_Ghetto>
1962:
Chairman of the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff Lyman Lemnitzer
delivered a proposal to Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara called
Operation Northwoods to create public support for a war against Fidel
Castro and Cuba, which was eventually rejected by President John F.
Kennedy.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Northwoods>
_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:
hamiform:
Curved at the extremity, shaped like a hook.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hamiform>
___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:
The history of religions reaches down and makes contact with that which
is essentially human: the relation of man to the sacred. The history of
religions can play an extremely important role in the crisis we are
living through. The crises of modern man are to a large extent religious
ones, insofar as they are an awakening of his awareness to an absence of
meaning.
--Mircea Eliade
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Mircea_Eliade>
David Bowie (born 1947) is an English musician. After "Space Oddity"
reached the top five of the UK Singles Chart in 1969, he re-emerged
during the glam rock era with "Starman" and the album The Rise and Fall
of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars. In 1975, Bowie achieved his
first major American crossover success with the number-one single "Fame"
and the album Young Americans. The soul-inspired sound was a radical
shift in style that initially alienated many of his UK devotees. He then
recorded the critically acclaimed "Berlin Trilogy" of albums with Brian
Eno, all of which reached the UK top five. After uneven commercial
success in the late 1970s, Bowie had UK number ones in the early 1980s
with "Ashes to Ashes", its parent album Scary Monsters (and Super
Creeps), "Under Pressure" (a collaboration with Queen) and Let's Dance,
which yielded several hit singles. Throughout the 1990s and 2000s, Bowie
continued to experiment with musical styles. He has not toured since the
2003–04 Reality Tour and has not performed live since 2006. Throughout
his career, he has sold an estimated 140 million albums. In 2004,
Rolling Stone ranked him 23rd on their list of the best singers of all
time.
Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bowie>
_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:
222:
Disgusted with Roman emperor Elagabalus's disregard for Roman
religious traditions and sexual taboos, the Praetorian Guard
assassinated him and his mother Julia Soaemias, mutilated their bodies,
and threw them in the Tiber River.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elagabalus>
1848:
Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine and Robert Baldwin become the first
Prime Ministers of the Province of Canada to be democratically elected
under a system of responsible government.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Baldwin>
1888:
The Great Blizzard of 1888 struck the northeastern United
States, producing snowdrifts in excess of 50 ft (15 m) and confining
some people to their houses for up to a week.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Blizzard_of_1888>
1941:
World War II: The Lend-Lease Act was signed into law, allowing
the United States to supply the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, China,
France and other Allied nations with vast amounts of war material.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lend-Lease>
2011 - A massive earthquake struck the northeastern coast of Japan
(tsunami damage pictured) and triggered a nuclear disaster at the
Fukushima I Nuclear Power Plant.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_T%C5%8Dhoku_earthquake_and_tsunami>
_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:
quibble:
(intransitive) To complain or argue in a trivial or petty manner.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/quibble>
___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:
There is a theory which states that if ever anyone discovers exactly
what the Universe is for and why it is here, it will instantly disappear
and be replaced by something even more bizarre and inexplicable. There
is another theory which states that this has already happened.
--Douglas Adams
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Douglas_Adams>
United States v. Lara was a 2004 United States Supreme Court case which
held that both the United States and a Native American (Indian) tribe
could prosecute an Indian for the same acts that constituted crimes in
both jurisdictions. In the 1880s, Congress passed the Major Crimes Act,
divesting tribes of criminal jurisdiction in regards to several felony
crimes. In 1990, the Supreme Court ruled in Duro v. Reina that an Indian
tribe did not have the authority to criminally try an Indian who was not
a member of that tribe. The following year, Congress passed a law that
stated that Indian tribes, due to their inherent sovereignty, had the
authority to try non-member Indians for crimes committed within the
tribe's territorial jurisdiction. The defendant, Billy Jo Lara, was
charged for acts that were criminal offenses under both the Spirit Lake
Sioux Tribe's laws and the federal United States Code. Lara pleaded
guilty to the tribal charges, but claimed double jeopardy against the
federal charges. The Court (majority opinion writer Stephen Breyer
pictured) held that the United States and the tribe were separate
sovereigns, and therefore separate tribal and federal prosecutions did
not violate the Double Jeopardy Clause.
Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_v._Lara>
_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:
1830:
The Royal Netherlands East Indies Army, the military force
maintained by the Netherlands in its colony of the Dutch East Indies,
was established by royal decree.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_East_Indies_Army>
1876:
Alexander Graham Bell made his first successful bi-directional
telephone call, saying, "Mr. Watson, come here, I want to see you."
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invention_of_the_telephone>
1959:
An anti-Chinese uprising erupted in Lhasa, the capital of
Tibet, as about 300,000 Tibetans surrounded the Potala Palace to prevent
the 14th Dalai Lama from leaving or being removed by the Chinese
People's Liberation Army.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1959_Tibetan_uprising>
1968:
Vietnam War/Laotian Civil War: North Vietnamese and Pathet Lao
forces overwhelmed the American, Laotian, Thai, and Hmong defenders of
Lima Site 85.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Lima_Site_85>
2006:
NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter attained orbit around Mars.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Reconnaissance_Orbiter>
_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:
normothermic:
(medicine) Having a normal body temperature.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/normothermic>
___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:
Let justice be done, though the world perish.
--Ferdinand I
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor>