100px|Norwich Market, 2009
Norwich Market is an outdoor market consisting of around 200 stalls
in central Norwich, England. Founded in the latter part of the
11th century to supply Norman merchants and settlers moving to the area
following the Norman conquest of England, it replaced an earlier market
a short distance away. It has been in operation on the present site for
over 900 years. By the 14th century, Norwich was one of the largest and
most prosperous cities in England, and Norwich Market was a major
trading hub. In the Georgian era, Norwich became an increasingly
popular destination with travellers, and developed into a fashionable
shopping town. Following the First World War, the local authority began
to systematically buy up all the stalls on the market, eventually
bringing the entire market into public ownership, and the market was
radically redesigned in the 1930s. Stalls were arranged into parallel
rows, and a new City Hall was built along the entire western side of
the marketplace to replace the by now inadequate Guildhall. This new
arrangement survived with few significant changes for the rest of the
20th century. By the 1990s the market was becoming decrepit, and
proposals were made for another radical rebuilding of the area. These
proposals were abandoned in favour of a scheme which replaced the old
stalls with steel units of four stalls each. The rebuilt market was
completed in early 2006, and is one of the largest markets in Britain.
(more...)
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_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:
1799:
France became the first country to adopt the metric system as its
system for weights and measures.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_metric_system>
1884:
Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by American author Mark Twain was first
published in the United Kingdom and Canada.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adventures_of_Huckleberry_Finn>
1911:
Calbraith Rodgers completed the first transcontinental flight across
the United States.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calbraith_Perry_Rodgers>
1948:
The United Nations General Assembly adopted the Universal Declaration
of Human Rights, representing the first global expression of rights to
which all human beings are inherently entitled.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights>
1983:
Raúl Alfonsín became the first democratically elected President of
Argentina to take office after the fall of the military dictatorship.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Alfons%C3%ADn>
_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:
gluck (v):
To flow or cause to flow in a noisy series of spurts, as when liquid is
emptied through the narrow neck of a bottle
<http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gluck>
___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:
The history of the human race has generated several papers articulating
basic moral imperatives, or fundamental principles, of human
coexistence that… substantially influenced the fate of humanity on this
planet. Among these historic documents, the Universal Declaration of
Human Rights … holds a very special, indeed, unique position. It is the
first code of ethical conduct that was not a product of one culture, or
one sphere of civilization only, but a universal creation, shaped and
subscribed to by representatives of all humankind. Since its very
inception, the Declaration has thus represented a planetary, or global
commitment, a global intention, a global guideline. For this reason
alone, this exceptional document — conceived as a result of a profound
human self-reflection in the wake of the horrors of World War II, and
retaining its relevance ever since — deserves to be remembered today.
--Václav Havel
<http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_Havel>
110px|Main hall of the Xá Lợi Pagoda
The Xá Lợi Pagoda raids were a series of synchronized attacks on
Buddhist pagodas in the major cities of South Vietnam on August 21,
1963. The raids were executed by the Army of the Republic of Vietnam
Special Forces and combat police, both of which took their orders
directly from Ngo Dinh Nhu, the younger brother of the Roman Catholic
President Ngo Dinh Diem. The Xá Lợi Pagoda, the largest in the South
Vietnamese capital, Saigon, was the most prominent of the temples
raided. Over 1,400 Buddhists were arrested, and estimates of the death
toll and missing ranged up to the hundreds. At first, the Ngo family
claimed that the army had carried out the raids, something their ally
the United States initially believed. However, this was later debunked,
and the incident prompted the US to turn against the regime and begin
exploring alternative leadership options, eventually leading to Diem's
overthrow in a coup. In South Vietnam itself, the raids stoked
widespread anger. Several high-ranking public servants resigned, and
university and high school students boycotted classes and staged
riotous demonstrations, resulting in further mass incarcerations. As
most of the students were from middle-class public service and military
families, the arrests caused further upset among the Ngo family's power
base. (more...)
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_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:
1432:
The first battle of the Lithuanian Civil War between the forces of
Švitrigaila and Sigismund Kęstutaitis was fought near the modern town
of Ashmyany.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuanian_Civil_War_%281431%E2%80%931435%29>
1854:
In his apostolic constitution Ineffabilis Deus, Pope Pius IX proclaimed
the dogmatic definition of Immaculate Conception, which holds that the
Virgin Mary was born free of original sin.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immaculate_Conception>
1912:
Leaders of the German Empire held an Imperial War Council to discuss
the possibility that war might break out.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Imperial_War_Council_of_8_December_1912>
1980:
Former Beatle John Lennon was assassinated in the entrance of the
Dakota apartments in New York City.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_John_Lennon>
1991:
Leaders of Belarus, Russia and Ukraine signed the Belavezha Accords,
agreeing to dissolve the Soviet Union and establish the Commonwealth of
Independent States.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States>
_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:
rescind (v):
<span class="qualifier-brac">(</span><span
class="qualifier-content">transitive</span><span
class="qualifier-brac">)</span> To repeal, annul, or declare void; to
take (something such as a rule or contract) out of effect
<http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rescind>
___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:
Better than a thousand hollow words
Is one word that brings peace.
Better than a thousand hollow verses
Is one verse that brings peace.
Better than a hundred hollow lines
Is one line of the law, bringing peace.
--Gautama Buddha
<http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Gautama_Buddha>
115px|The detonation of Arizona<span
style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s forward magazine
(artillery)|magazines
USS Arizona was a Pennsylvania-class battleship built for the United
States Navy in the mid-1910s. Commissioned in 1916, the ship remained
stateside during World War I. In 1919 the vessel represented American
interests in the Mediterranean during the Greco-Turkish War. Several
years later, she was transferred to the Pacific Fleet and was assigned
to it for the rest of her career. Arizona spent most of her time
between the wars training, including participation in the annual Fleet
Problems, and aided survivors of 1933 Long Beach earthquake. In 1940,
she joined the Pacific Fleet in its new base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii to
deter the Japanese Empire. During the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor
on 7 December 1941, Arizona was bombed, exploded and sank, killing
1,177 officers and crewmen. The next day, the United States declared
war on Japan. Unlike many of the other ships sunk or damaged that day,
Arizona was not repaired. Her wreck still lies at the bottom of Pearl
Harbor, and is the final resting place for the remains of most of those
who died. They are commemorated by the USS Arizona Memorial which
straddles her hull. (more...)
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_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:
43 BC:
Cicero, widely considered one of Rome's greatest orators and prose
stylists, was assassinated.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cicero>
1724:
In Toruń, Royal Prussia, Polish authorities executed the city's mayor
and nine other Lutheran officials following tensions between
Protestants and Catholics.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumult_of_Thorn_%28Toru%C5%84%29>
1815:
Michel Ney, Marshal of France, was executed by a firing squad near
Paris' Jardin du Luxembourg for supporting Napoleon.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Ney>
1972:
The crew of the Apollo 17 spacecraft took the photograph "The Blue
Marble" , the first clear image of an illuminated face of Earth, on
their way to the Moon.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Blue_Marble>
2007:
A crane barge that had broken free from a tugboat crashed into an oil
tanker near Daesan, South Korea, causing the country's worst-ever oil
spill.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_South_Korea_oil_spill>
_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:
tip one's hand (v):
(idiomatic) To inadvertently reveal any secret, particularly a secret
that puts one at an advantage or disadvantage
<http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tip_one%27s_hand>
___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:
That which is not just, is not Law; and that which is not Law, ought
not to be obeyed.
--Algernon Sydney
<http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Algernon_Sydney>
100px|A McDonnell XF-85 Goblin at the National Museum of the US Air
Force
The McDonnell XF-85 Goblin was an American prototype fighter aircraft
conceived during World War II by McDonnell Aircraft. It was intended to
be carried in and deployed from the bomb bay of the giant Convair B-36
bomber as a parasite fighter. The XF-85's intended role was to defend
bombers from hostile interceptors, a need demonstrated during World
War II. Two prototypes were constructed before the program was
terminated. The XF-85 was a response to a United States Army Air
Read the rest of this article:
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonnell_XF-85_Goblin>
_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:
1060:
Béla I the Champion was crowned king of Hungary.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_I_of_Hungary>
1921:
The Anglo-Irish Treaty was signed and then came into force exactly one
year later, establishing the Irish Free State, the first independent
Irish state to be recognised by the British government.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Irish_Treaty>
1989:
Claiming that he was "fighting feminism", 25-year-old Marc Lépine
killed fourteen women before committing suicide at École Polytechnique
in Montreal.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89cole_Polytechnique_massacre>
1992:
The Babri Mosque in Ayodhya, India, was destroyed by members of the
Vishva Hindu Parishad and associated groups, believing it was built on
the birthplace of Rama.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demolition_of_Babri_Masjid>
_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:
amiable (adj):
1. Friendly; kind; sweet; gracious; as, an amiable temper or mood;
amiable ideas.
2. Possessing sweetness of disposition; having sweetness of temper;
kindhearted; which causes one to be liked
<http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/amiable>
___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:
Whenever we can trace back a religion to its first beginnings, we find
it free from many of the blemishes that offend us in its later phases.
The founders of the ancient religions of the world, as far as we can
judge, were minds of a high stamp, full of noble aspirations, yearning
for truth, devoted to the welfare of their neighbors, examples of
purity and unselfishness. What they desired to found upon earth was but
seldom realized, and their sayings, if preserved in their original
form, offer often a strange contrast to the practice of those who
profess to be their disciples.
--Max Müller
<http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Max_M%C3%BCller>
100px|A specimen of Adenanthos obovatus photographed in Big Grove,
Albany
Adenanthos obovatus is a shrub of the Proteaceae family endemic to
Southwest Australia. It grows as a many-stemmed spreading bush up to
1 m (3 ft) high, and about 1.5 m (5 ft) across, with fine bright green
foliage. Made up of single red flowers, the inflorescences appear from
April to December, and peak in spring (August to October). The shrub
grows on sandy soils in seasonally wet lowland areas as well as hills
and dunes. It regenerates after bushfire by resprouting from its
underground lignotuber. Pollinators include honeyeaters, particularly
the Western Spinebill, which can access the nectar with its long curved
bill, and the Silvereye, which punctures the flower tube. The most
commonly cultivated Adenanthos species in Australia, it has a long
flowering period and attracts honeyeaters to the garden. It is
harvested for the cut flower industry. (more...)
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_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:
1484:
Pope Innocent VIII issued the papal bull Summis desiderantes
affectibus, giving Dominican Inquisitor Heinrich Kramer explicit
authority to prosecute witchcraft in Germany.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summis_desiderantes_affectibus>
1876:
Fire engulfed the Brooklyn Theater in Brooklyn, New York, killing at
least 278 people, mostly due to smoke inhalation.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn_Theater_Fire>
1945:
Flight 19, a squadron of five U.S. naval TBF Avenger torpedo bombers,
disappeared in the area now known as the Bermuda Triangle.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_19>
1952:
The "Great Smog" began in London and lasted for five days, causing
12,000 deaths and leading to the Clean Air Act 1956.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Smog>
1972:
Gough Whitlam took office as the 21st Prime Minister of Australia and
formed a duumvirate with his deputy Lance Barnard, ending 23 years of
Liberal-Country Party government.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gough_Whitlam>
_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:
hexapod (n):
Any organism or being with six legs
<http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hexapod>
___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:
Whenever we proceed from the known into the unknown we may hope to
understand, but we may have to learn at the same time a new meaning of
the word "understanding."
--Werner Heisenberg
<http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg>
100px|Saturn, photographed in July 2008
Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and the second largest planet
in the Solar System, after Jupiter, with an average radius about nine
times larger than the Earth's. Saturn is named after the Roman god
Saturn, equated to the Greek Cronus (the Titan father of Zeus), the
Babylonian Ninurta and the Hindu Shani. Saturn's astronomical symbol
(♄) represents the Roman god's sickle. Along with Jupiter, Uranus and
Neptune, Saturn is a gas giant. Together, these four planets are
sometimes referred to as the Jovian planets, meaning "Jupiter-like".
Saturn has a ring system that is divided into nine continuous and three
discontinuous main rings (arcs), consisting mostly of ice particles
with a smaller amount of rocky debris and dust. Sixty-two known moons
orbit the planet; fifty-three are officially named. This does not
include the hundreds of "moonlets" within the rings. Titan, Saturn's
largest and the Solar System's second largest moon (after Jupiter's
Ganymede), is larger than the planet Mercury and is the only moon in
the Solar System to retain a significant atmosphere. (more...)
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<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn>
_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:
1639:
English astronomer Jeremiah Horrocks made the first observation of a
transit of Venus.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/transit_of_Venus>
1829:
Sati, the Hindu funeral custom of widows immolating themselves, was
formally abolished in British India after years of campaigning by Ram
Mohan Roy.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sati_%28practice%29>
1909:
The Montreal Canadiens, the oldest professional ice hockey club in the
world, was founded as a charter member of the National Hockey
Association.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Montreal_Canadiens>
1991:
Pan American World Airways, which was the principal international
airline of the United States and which was credited with many
innovations, ended operations.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan_American_World_Airways>
2006:
Six black youths in Jena, Louisiana, US, assaulted a white teenager;
the subsequent court case would become a cause célèbre.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jena_Six>
_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:
church key (n):
A can opener having a triangular tip that pierces the can
<http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/church_key>
___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:
Standing as I do in view of God and eternity, I realize that patriotism
is not enough.
I must have no hatred or bitterness towards anyone.
--Edith Cavell
<http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Edith_Cavell>
100px|Tropical Storm Barry
Tropical Storm Barry was a strong tropical storm that made landfall
on the Florida Panhandle during August 2001. The third tropical cyclone
and second named storm of the 2001 Atlantic hurricane season, Barry
developed from a tropical wave that moved off the coast of Africa on
July 24 and tracked westward. The wave entered the Caribbean on July 29
and spawned a low pressure area that organized into Tropical Storm
Barry on August 3. After fluctuating in intensity and track, the system
attained peak winds of 70 mph (110 km/h) over the Gulf of Mexico, and
headed northward before moving ashore on the Gulf Coast. Unlike the
devastating Tropical Storm Allison earlier in the season, Barry's
effects were moderate. Nine deaths occurred, six in Cuba and three in
Florida. As a tropical cyclone, rainfall peaked at 8.9 in (230 mm) at
Tallahassee, and winds gusts topped out at 79 mph (127 km/h). The wave
that would become Barry dropped large amounts of rain across southern
Florida, leading to significant flooding and structural damage.
Moderate flooding occurred throughout the Panhandle, where damage as a
result of high wind gusts was also reported. Barry is estimated to have
caused $30 million (2001 USD, $36.5 million 2008 USD) in damage.
(more...)
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_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:
1854:
At least 22 people were killed and 35 others were injured when
rebelling miners at the Eureka Stockade in Ballarat, Victoria,
Australia, clashed with the police and the military.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eureka_Rebellion>
1904:
Himalia, the largest irregular satellite of Jupiter, was discovered by
astronomer Charles Dillon Perrine at the Lick Observatory in San Jose,
California.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalia_%28moon%29>
1927:
Putting Pants on Philip, the first official film featuring the comedy
duo Laurel and Hardy , was released.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurel_and_Hardy>
1971:
The formal initiation of hostilities of the Indo-Pakistani War began
with the Pakistani Air Force launching pre-emptive airstrikes on
several forward airbases and radar installations of the Indian Air
Force.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Chengiz_Khan>
2009:
A suicide bombing in Mogadishu, Somalia, claimed the lives of 25
people, including three ministers of the Transitional Federal
Government.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Hotel_Shamo_bombing>
_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:
Lusophone (adj):
Portuguese-speaking
<http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Lusophone>
___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:
The changing wisdom of successive generations discards ideas, questions
facts, demolishes theories. But the artist appeals to that part of our
being which is not dependent on wisdom: to that in us which is a gift
and not an acquisition — and, therefore, more permanently enduring. He
speaks to our capacity for delight and wonder, to the sense of mystery
surrounding our lives; to our sense of pity, and beauty, and pain; to
the latent feeling of fellowship with all creation — and to the subtle
but invincible, conviction of solidarity that knits together the
loneliness of innumerable hearts: to the solidarity in dreams, in joy,
in sorrow, in aspirations, in illusions, in hope, in fear, which binds
men to each other, which binds together all humanity — the dead to the
living and the living to the unborn.
--Joseph Conrad
<http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Joseph_Conrad>
100px|Macaroni Penguin
The Macaroni Penguin is a species of penguin found from the
Subantarctic to the Antarctic Peninsula. One of six species of crested
penguin, it bears a distinctive yellow crest, and the face and
upperparts are black and sharply delineated from the white underparts.
Its diet consists of a variety of crustaceans, mainly krill, as well as
small fish and cephalopods; the species consumes more marine life
annually than any other species of seabird. Numbering up to 100,000
individuals, the breeding colonies of the Macaroni Penguin are among
the largest and densest of all penguin species. After spending the
summer months breeding, penguins disperse into the oceans for six
months; a 2009 study found that Macaroni Penguins from Kerguelen
travelled over 10,000 km (6,200 mi) in the central Indian Ocean. With
about 18 million individuals, the Macaroni Penguin is the most numerous
penguin species. However, widespread decline in populations have been
recorded since the mid 1970s. These factors result in their
conservation status being reclassified as vulnerable. (more...)
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_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:
1805:
War of the Third Coalition: French forces led by Napoleon decisively
defeated a Russo-Austrian army commanded by Czar Alexander I in the
Battle of Austerlitz.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Austerlitz>
1943:
World War II: The Luftwaffe conducted a surprise air raid on Allied
ships in Bari, Italy, sinking 18 ships and releasing one ship's secret
cargo of mustard gas.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_raid_on_Bari>
1988:
Benazir Bhutto became Prime Minister of Pakistan, the first woman to
head the government of an Islam-dominated state.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benazir_Bhutto>
1999:
The United Kingdom devolved political power in Northern Ireland to the
Northern Ireland Executive.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Executive>
2001:
Less than two months after disclosing accounting violations,
Texas-based energy firm Enron filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy,
evaporating nearly $11 billion in shareholder wealth.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enron_scandal>
_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:
echt (adj):
proper, real, genuine, true to type
<http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/echt>
___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:
It is not enough to have a beautiful voice. What does that mean? When
you interpret a role, you have to have a thousand colors to portray
happiness, joy, sorrow, fear. How can you do this with only a beautiful
voice? Even if you sing harshly sometimes, as I have frequently done,
it is a necessity of expression. You have to do it, even if people will
not understand. But in the long run they will, because you must
persuade them of what you're doing.
--Maria Callas
<http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Maria_Callas>
90px|Barbara Britton in 1982 performance of The King and I at the
School for Creative and Performing Arts in Cincinnati, Ohio
The School for Creative and Performing Arts (SCPA) is a magnet arts
school in Cincinnati, Ohio. SCPA was founded in 1973 as one of the
first magnet schools in Cincinnati and became the first school in the
country to combine a full range of arts studies with a complete
college-preparatory academic program for elementary through high school
students. The school rose to national prominence in the 1980s, but was
nearly closed in the 1990s following a series of scandals, leadership
struggles, and an arson fire which destroyed the auditorium. Its
reputation recovered in the years that followed and in 2009–10, the
school was featured in the MTV reality series Taking the Stage, filmed
at the school and featuring SCPA students. In 2010 SCPA combined with
the Schiel Primary School for Arts Enrichment to create the first
kindergarten through twelfth grade arts school and first private sector
/ public arts school in the US. Students must audition for admission;
fewer than 20 percent of those who apply each year are accepted. The
newly combined school offers a curriculum designed to prepare students
for professional careers in creative writing, dance, drama, music,
technical theater, and visual art. (more...)
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_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:
1822:
Pedro I was crowned the first Emperor of Brazil, less than two months
after he actually began his reign on October 12.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_I_of_Brazil>
1913:
Ford Motor Company began operating the world's first moving assembly
line for the mass production of automobiles.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/assembly_line>
1925:
The Locarno Treaties were formally signed in London, establishing
post-First World War territorial settlements.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locarno_Treaties>
1955:
African-American Civil Rights Movement: Seamstress Rosa Parks was
arrested for violating the racial segregation laws of Montgomery,
Alabama, after refusing to give up her seat on a public bus to a white
man, precipitating the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Parks>
1989:
Led by the Reform the Armed Forces Movement, members of the Armed
Forces of the Philippines began a coup attempt against President
Corazon Aquino.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989_Philippine_coup_attempt>
_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:
semi-smile (n):
A faint smile; a suppressed or forced smile
<http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/semi-smile>
___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:
Stop the habit of wishful thinking and start the habit of thoughtful
wishes.
--Mary Martin
<http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Mary_Martin>