Universal Networking Language seems to be most advanced system from the list https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Abstract_Wikipedia/Related_and_previous_work... Its main advantage is that it is not lemma-oriented but sense-oriented. US patents 6,704,700 – active, 2020-11-17 Anticipated expiration 7,107,206 – Status Expired - Fee Related, 2022-07-22 Adjusted expiration
can we register to http://www.unlweb.net/unlweb/ and for example get some resources see also github page: https://github.com/dikonov/Universal-Dictionary-of-Concepts
Main dictionary is sense list , one sense can have several lemmas synonyms in many languages. Definitions is UNL-ized I think, it will be well if Abstract would inspired by UNL. If it will possible if sense definitions will not only in Abstract graph, but full understood by computer? , for example: https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/star#Noun has 11 definitions, 1 and 2 are near, 4 and 5 are near, 1 and 4 are far, 4 seems to be sub-definition of 5 it is possible that computer find this properties of definitions? Also each definition might have some context example and even distinguish rules (for WSD): def 4: person, activities on film def 5, person, general activities def 9: often in phrase: his,her,out,their star etc I think it might several spaces: - uniwersal dictionary of senses with definitions in abstract graph - dictionaries for English and other languages - main space – not common words but encyclopedic entities
Advantages of UNL- like approach - sense-oriented - can generate text in natural languages - resource of understanding definitions - data for learning word sense disambiguation problem
Best regards, Andrzej