On Mon, May 21, 2012 at 1:26 PM, Richard Jensen <rjensen(a)uic.edu> wrote:
Han-Teng Liao highlights a very serious issue
regarding the large gulf
between Wikipedia and academe. University students appear to be enthusiastic
users of Wikipedia while the professors either shy away or are quite hostile
and warn their students against Wikipedia.
One factor is academe's culture of original research and personal
responsibility by name for publications, versus Wikipedia's culture of
anonymity and its rejection of the notion that an editor can be respected as
an expert.
A second factor is the need for editors to have free access to published
reliable secondary sources. I think Google-scholar and Amazon have solved
much of the editors' access problem regarding books.
As for journals--which is where this debate started--I do not think that
open access will help Wiki editors much because I am struck by how rarely
Wiki articles (on historical topics) cite any journal articles.
I've
offered to help editors get JSTOR articles but no one ever asks. There is
something in the Wiki culture that's amiss here. Possibly it's that few Wiki
editors ever took the graduate history courses that explain how to use
scholarly journals.
Maybe we need a program to help our editors overcome this gap and give them
access to a massive base of highly relevant RS.
Granted, I am not an academic--but I am not convinced by this argument.
Firstly I don't see too many university professors who are actively
hostile to Wikipedia. Many do object to its improper use--and, when
pressed, object to the same things that very few people in the
Wikimedia community would support. Yes, students using Wikipedia as
the first and last source for their research is no good. Students
plagiarizing from Wikipedia is no good. Students using Wikipedia as a
substitute for more applicable scholarly sources is no good.
But I am hard-pressed to find anyone who really objects to students
using Wikipedia as a jumping-off point to get an overview of a topic
and then using the cited resources to continue their research process.
What I don't see is the connection between making federally-funded
research more accessible to people outside academia and the ills that
professors complain of. I would find it hard to locate academics who
think improving the likelihood of scholarly research appearing as a
citation would be a bad thing. At worst, those who are unbendingly
hostile to Wikipedia will have their opinions unchanged, and that's
not a group whose opinion I am concerned about affecting by taking
such a stance on this issue.
Wikipedia and the scholarly journals are entirely different tools, for
different purposes. I agree that people need training on how to use
each kind of resource for its intended purpose, and I would be upset
to have students who continually mistook one for the other. I am not
sure how that is helped by ensuring the scholarly sources remain less
accessible.
I agree with your surprise that journal articles are cited so seldom.
But on the other hand, they're difficult to use properly in the
context of editing Wikipedia; much of it, especially new work, needs
to be evaluated and commented on by other experts before it's clear to
a non-expert how to include its findings in a general overview of a
topic. It may be that editors trained in the proper use of scholarly
sources still do not cite journal articles very much--except to give
background information on very specific points--but use them to find
what the articles are citing, in the mirror-image of the way students
should be using Wikipedia. (The journal articles are too specific and
current, and a Wikipedia editor often needs a more general source that
puts it in proper context; Wikipedia is too general and does not go
in-depth on any particular point, and a student needs a more specific
source that goes into detail on particular areas of information and
how they were arrived at.) However, the optimal amount of citation to
journals is probably higher than what people are currently doing.
But I don't see how "people don't use this resource enough" supports
the idea that it's not important to make it more widely available; if
anything I would think that lowering the barrier to entry. Who is
going to put much effort into learning the proper use of a resource
they don't have real access to? (Not to belittle your effort in
offering to make JSTOR articles available--whih I appreciate as a
generous gesture, though technically it is probably a violation of the
terms of your institution's contract--but there is a big difference
between being able to get an article on request and being able to
browse it and follow a research trail from it yourself. Imagine if you
had to individually request Wikipedia articles from seeing their first
paragaphs, instead of following links!)
-Kat
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