Thanks for the updates. I'm pinging Patrick Earley, who is tracking
this kind of research for WMF, in case he has yet to see this info.
Pine
On Wed, Dec 14, 2016 at 9:47 AM, Neotarf <neotarf(a)gmail.com> wrote:
The Berkman Klein Center for Internet and Society at
Harvard University has
four new publications online.
https://cyber.harvard.edu/node/99716
“Understanding Harmful Speech Online: Research Note” is a summary of current
research, with several pages of links at the end. One phrase that stood
out: "Munger also recently conducted an experiment among groups of users on
Twitter considered harassers on the platform and found that counter speech
using automated bots can impact and reduce instances of racist speech if
'that subjects… were sanctioned by a high-follower white male'.”
Two papers are from the Global South. "Grassroots Perspectives on Hate
Speech, Race, & Inequality in Brazil & Colombia" has an entire section on
"counter-speech", or counter narratives, a term that seems to be gaining
some currency. "Preliminary Findings on Online Hate Speech and the Law in
India" talks about inciting sectarian violence with fake news.
Finally, for an understanding of the definitions of hate speech, forget the
Wikipedia article, which embarrassingly uses the words "politically correct"
and "Newspeak" in the introductory paragraphs, sourced to opinion pieces by
two bloggers who did not even use the words. The paper “Defining Hate
Speech” gives a thought-provoking overview of various approaches to
identifying hate speech in a text. One such framework developed by Parekh
noted “three essential features” of hate speech: (1) “it is directed against
a specified or easily identifiable individual or, more commonly, a group of
individuals based on an arbitrary or normatively irrelevant feature;” (2)
the speech “stigmatizes the target group by implicitly or explicitly
ascribing to it qualities widely regarded as undesirable;” and (3) “because
of its negative qualities, the target group is viewed as an undesirable
presence and a legitimate object of hostility.” Also this, food for thought
about criteria for communication on Wikipedia's talk pages: "...Ward’s
definition, noting that a speaker should be seen as employing hate speech if
'their attacks are so virulent that an observer would have great difficulty
separating the message delivered from the attack against the victim'.”
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