The Cologne War (1583–88) devastated the Electorate of Cologne, a
historical ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire,
present-day North Rhine-Westphalia, in Germany. The war occurred within
the context of the Protestant Reformation in Germany and the subsequent
Counter-Reformation, and concurrently with the Dutch Revolt and the
French Wars of Religion. The conflict tested the principle of
ecclesiastical reservation, which had been included in the religious
Peace of Augsburg (1555). This principle excluded, or "reserved", the
ecclesiastical territories of the Holy Roman Empire from the application
of cuius regio, eius religio, or "who rules, his religion", as the
primary means to determine the religion of a territory. The conflict
coincided with the Dutch Revolt, 1568–1648, encouraging participation
of the rebellious Dutch provinces and the Spanish. The Cologne War
caused the consolidation of Wittelsbach authority in northwestern German
territories and in a Catholic revival on the lower Rhine. Importantly,
it also set a precedent for outside intervention in German religious and
dynastic conflicts.
Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cologne_War>
_______________________________
Today's selected anniversaries:
1729:
Natchez Indians suddenly revolted against French colonists near
modern-day Natchez, Mississippi, US, killing over 240 people.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natchez_Massacre>
1776:
American Revolutionary War: British reinforcements brought an
end to the Patriot attempt to capture Fort Cumberland in Nova Scotia.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Cumberland>
1899:
FC Barcelona, one of the most successful clubs in Spanish
football, was founded by Swiss football pioneer Joan Gamper.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC_Barcelona>
1972:
Atari released Pong (screenshot pictured), one of the first
video games to achieve widespread popularity in both the arcade and home
console markets.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pong>
1987:
Korean Air Flight 858 exploded over the Andaman Sea after two
North Korean agents left a time bomb in an overhead compartment, killing
all 115 people on board.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Air_Flight_858>
_____________________________
Wiktionary's word of the day:
sanguinolent:
Containing or tinged with blood.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sanguinolent>
___________________________
Wikiquote quote of the day:
Some people talk as if meeting the gaze of absolute goodness would be
fun. They need to think again. They are still only playing with
religion. Goodness is either the great safety or the great danger —
according to the way you react to it.
--C. S. Lewis
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/C._S._Lewis>