Microwave Hearing - abstracts,
references
Date: 2/10/00 3:26:17 AM
Pacific Standard Time
In no special order:
Auditory system
response to RF energy. A.H. Frey, Aerospace
Medecine, vol. 32, pp. 1140-1142,
1961.
Human Auditory System Response to Modulated
Electromagnetic
Frey, Allan. J. Appl. Physiol. 17(4): 689-692.
1962.
http://www.raven1.net/frey.htm
Hearing Sensations in Electric
Fields. Sommer, H.C. & von
Gierke, H.E. Aerospace Medicine, pp 834-839,
Sept. 1964.
Microwave hearing: Evidence for thermacoustic
auditory
stimulation by pulsed microwaves. K.R. Foster and E.D. Finch.
Science, vol. 185, pp. 256-258, 1974.
Detection of weak
electromagnetic radiation by the mammalian
vestibulocochlear apparatus.
Lebovitz R.M. N.Y. Acad. Sci.
247:182-193; 1975.
Microwave Auditory
Effects and Applications. James C. Lin;
Charles C. Thomas, Publisher,
Springfield, IL, 1978; 221 pp.
Auditory perception of radio-frequency
electromagnetic fields.
Chou, C.K.; Guy, A.W.; Galambos, R. J Acoust Soc
Am
vol. 71(6), pp. 1321-1334, 1982.
~~~~~~~
The following
14 abstracts are from the NASA
Center for AeroSpace Information
(CASI)
Technical Report Server -- Search
page:
http://www.sti.nasa.gov/RECONselect.html
~~~~~~~
TITLE:
The microwave auditory phenomenon
Authors: Lin, J. C. (Wayne State
University)
Journal Title:
IEEE, Proceedings, vol. 68, Jan. 1980, p.
67-73.
Navy-NSF-supported research. http://www.eeisnet.com
Published:
Jan 01, 1980
Abstract:
The paper examines electrophysiological
activity produced by
exposing the brains of laboratory animals to rectangular
pulses
of microwave energy. These results suggest that a
microwave
auditory phenomenon is evoked by a mechanism similar
to
conventional sound reception, and that the primary interaction
site is
peripheral to the cochlea. It is shown that the peak
pressure due to thermal
expansion is greater than the radiation
pressure or electrostriction, and
that the induced sound
frequency is only a function of the size and acoustic
property
of the brain. Several suggestions were made for future
research
in microwave auditory effect and its health
implications.
~~~~~~~
TITLE: Sensation and perception of
microwave energy
Authors: Michaelson, S. M. (Rochester
Univ.)
Presented at the 7th Intern. Conf. on Environ.
Toxicity:
Fundamental and Applied Aspects of Nonionizing
Radiation,
Rochester, N. Y., 5 Jun. 1974
Sponsored by AEC and Dept. of
Navy
Abstract:
Sensing or perception of microwave/radiofrequency
energy is
accomplished through various mechanisms. In mammals, the
main
phenomena of sensation or perception are those of thermal
sensations
and, in selected cases, audition. Thermal sensation
is accomplished by
stimulation of thermosensitive nerve endings
in the skin. Although some
investigators believe that hearing or
audition is evidence of direct nerve
stimulation, the most
recent data show this phenomena to be due to
electromechanically
induced vibrations in tissue and normal reception in the
cochlea
of the ear.
~~~~~~~
TITLE: On microwave-induced
hearing sensation
Authors: Lin, J. C. (Wayne State University)
Journal
Title:
IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol.
MTT-25,
July 1977, p. 605-613. p. 605-613
Abstract:
When a human subject is
exposed to pulsed microwave radiation,
an audible sound occurs which appears
to originate from within
or immediately behind the head. Laboratory studies
have also
indicated that evoked auditory activities may be recorded
from
cats, chinchillas, and guinea pigs. Using a spherical model of
the
head, this paper analyzes a process by which microwave
energy may cause the
observed effect. The problem is formulated
in terms of thermoelasticity
theory in which the absorbed
microwave energy represents the volume heat
source which depends
on both space and time. The inhomogeneous thermoelastic
motion
equation is solved for the acoustic wave parameters
under
stress-free surface conditions using boundary value technique
and
Duhamel's theorem. Numerical results show that the predicted
frequencies of
vibration and threshold pressure amplitude agree
reasonably well with
experimental findings.
~~~~~~~
TITLE: Absorption of millimeter
waves by human beings and its
biological implications
Authors: Gandhi,
O. P. - Riazi, A. (Utah, University)
Journal Title:
IEEE Transactions on
Microwave Theory and Techniques
(ISSN 0018-9480), vol. MTT-34, Feb. 1986, p.
228-235.
USAF-supported research.
http://www.eeisnet.com
Abstract:
Aspects of the biological
implications of millimeter wave
radiation for human beings are discussed. The
power densities
likely to be encountered close to radiators in the 30-300
GHz
frequency band are examined. The millimeter wave absorption
efficiency
of the human body with and without clothing is
described, and the possibility
of 90-95 percent coupling
efficiency with clothing acting as an impedance
matching
transformer is addressed. The possibility of very high rates
of
energy deposition in the skin due to submillimeter depths
of
penetration is considered. The potential effect of millimeter
wave
absorption on human eyes, with particular emphasis on the
cornea, in which
high rates of energy deposition are
encountered, are discussed. Hearing
sensations produced by
millimeter waves and thermal sensations by millimeter
wave
irradiation are addressed.
~~~~~~~
TITLE:
Electrophysiological effects of electromagnetic fields
on
animals
Authors:
Guy, A. W. (Washington Univ.) - Lin, J. C.
(Washington Univ.) -
Chou, C. K. (Washington Univ.)
Presented at the
7th Rochester Intern. Conf. on Environ.
Toxicity, Rochester, NY Jun.
1974
Abstract:
The report shows that the conduction and transmission
latencies
and amplitudes of evoked potentials in both the CNS
of
anesthetized cats, isolated nerves of cats, and ganglia of
rabbits are
affected by CW microwaves in a manner very similar
to that of localized
conduction heat. Temperature rises are
always associated with any observable
changes of the measured
characteristics in the nervous tissues exposed to
CW
irradiation. Electrophysiological studies on cats indicate that
pulsed
microwaves interact with mammalian auditory systems in a
manner similar to
that of conventional acoustic perception.
A possible mechanism of microwave
interaction is the acoustic
energy release from rapid thermal expansion due
to power
absorption in the gross structure of the
head.
~~~~~~~
TITLE: Investigation of the characteristics of
auditory effects
stimulated by microwaves using a spherical
model
Authors:
Shorokhov, V. V. - Tigranian, R. E. - Mashkin, P. V.
(AN SSSR)
Journal Title:
Biofizika (ISSN 0006-3029), vol. 31,
July-Aug. 1986, p. 695-700.
In Russian.
Abstract:
The features of
sound waves excited by microwave impulses (at
915 and 2375 MHz) were studied,
using spherical flasks filled
with ethanol or 0.1 M NaCl in water as models
of the human head.
A piezoceramic transducer was used to register
mechanical
oscillations of the flask's surface. The results suggest
that
the auditory effects of microwaves are caused by stimulation
of
mechanical oscillations in the liquid (or the head tissues)
by
electromagnetic energy, followed by the bone-effected transfer
of the
absorbed energy to the auditory organs.
~~~~~~~
TITLE:
Auditory perception of radio-frequency
electromagnetic
fields
Authors:
Chou, C.-K. - Guy, A. W.
(Washington, University) - Galambos, R.
(California,
University)
Journal Title:
Acoustical Society of America, Journal,
vol. 71, June 1982, p.
1321-1334. U.S. Department of
Education
Abstract:
Absorption of pulsed microwave energy can produce
an auditory
sensation in human beings with normal hearing. The
phenomenon
manifests itself as a clicking, buzzing, or hissing
sound
depending on the modulatory characteristics of the microwaves.
While
the energy absorbed and the resulting increment of
temperature per pulse at
the threshold of perception are small,
most investigators of the phenomenon
believe that it is caused
by thermoelastic expansion. In this paper,
literature that
describes psychological, behavioral, and
physiological
observations as well as physical measurements pertinent to
the
microwave-hearing phenomenon is
reviewed.
~~~~~~~
TITLE: Microwave induced acoustic effects in
mammalian
auditory systems
Authors:
Guy, A. W. (Washington Univ.) -
Chou, C. K. (Washington Univ.)
Journal Title:
AGARD Radiation Hazards
- Page: 17 p, Aug 01, 1975
Abstract:
Pulsed microwave fields with
incident energy densities of 20 to
40 micro Joule per sq cm per pulse will
produce responses in the
auditory system of man and animals similar to those
produced by
auditory stimuli. Recent studies indicate that the responses
may
be originated from high frequency vibrations induced in the head
of
the exposed subject by a transient thermal expansion of
tissue due to the
rapid absorption of the pulsed
microwave
energy.
~~~~~~~
TITLE: Effects of electromagnetic
fields on the nervous system
Authors:
Chou, C. K. (Washington Univ.) -
Guy, A. W. (Washington Univ.)
Published: Aug 01,
1975
Abstract:
Contents: Electromagnetic Field-Biomaterial Interaction
and
Methods of Measurement; Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on
Isolated
Nerves and Superior Cervical Ganglia: Design of
Waveguide Apparatus, and
Calculation of Specific Absorption
Rate; Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on
Muscle Contraction;
Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on Auditory System:
Effect of
Noise Masking on Threshold of Evoked Auditory
Responses,
Microwave-induced Cochlear Microphonics in Guinea
Pigs.
~~~~~~~
TITLE: Theoretical calculation of frequencies
and thresholds of
microwave-induced auditory signals
Authors: Lin, J.
C. (Wayne State University)
(International Union of Radio Science, Annual
Meeting, Amherst,
Mass., Oct. 11-15, 1976.) Radio Science, vol. 12,
Nov.-Dec.
1977, Supplement, p. 237-242.
Abstract:
Previously
developed thermoelastic models of microwave-induced
auditory sensations are
applied to calculate the frequency and
amplitude of the acoustic signals that
are generated in human
beings and laboratory animals. Graphs of computed
displacement
and pressure as a function of time are presented for
several
species.
~~~~~~~
TITLE: Quantitation of microwave
biological effects
Authors:
Chou, C. K. (Washington Univ.) - Guy, A.
W. (Washington Univ.)
Journal Title:
Bur. of Radiol. Health Symp. on
Biol. Effects and Meas. of Radio
Freq./Microwaves - Page: p
81-103
Abstract:
While emphasizing dosimetry and instrumentation, we
have been
able to demonstrate that the effects of acute exposure to
CW
microwaves on some of the electrophysiological properties of
the
nervous system are thermal in nature. Studies on the
microwave
auditory effect have provided strong evidence that the
mechanism
of microwave hearing is electromechanical in nature.
Development
of a chronic exposure system and carbon EEG electrodes
will
provide a means for other researchers in pursuing the studies
of
biological effects of low level chronic exposure of microwaves.
In this
reported research, the quantitation of microwave
biological effects is
stressed so that extrapolation to humans
is
possible.
~~~~~~~
TITLE: Vestibulo-cochlear single unit
responses to
microwave radiation
Authors:
Lebovitz, R. M. (Texas
Univ. Health Science Center) -
Seaman, R. L. (Texas Univ. Health Science
Center)
Journal Title:
Bur. Radiol. Health Symp. on Biol. Effects and
Meas. of Radio
Freq./Microwaves - Page 314-333
Abstract:
The
influence of microwave radiation (MWR) on functional
neuronal properties was
examined, and the effects of continuous
wave MWR on units of the vestibular
system were studied. The
threshold for this effect appeared to be above the
current
standards for safe exposure; above a level for
significant
intracranial thermogenesis. The response of single
auditory
units to pulse modulated MWR were studied. Pulse
parameters
rather than average power density appeared to be the
independent
variable for this effect and responses were observed at
pulse
energy densities of 4 mvon J/g and lower. Overall, the response
of a
given single auditory unit to pulsed MWR was similar to its
response to
traditional acoustic click stimuli.
~~~~~~~
TITLE: Auditory
unit responses to single-pulse and twin-pulse
microwave
stimuli.
Authors: Seaman RL; Lebovitz RM
Source: Hear Res; VOL 26,
ISS 1, 1987, P105-16
Abstract:
Responses of units in the cat cochlear
nucleus to single
microwave pulses with different durations and to twin
microwave
pulses with different interpulse delays are used to
study
microwave hearing. Inferred threshold specific absorption rate
is
less than 6 mW/g; inferred threshold specific absorption,
less than 0.5
microJ/g. The existence of responses from units
with characteristic
frequencies (CFs) from 931 Hz to 25.5 kHz
is not consistent with a primary
role for head resonance in
microwave hearing. Patterns of response amplitude
have a
periodicity of 1/CF and are fully explained by frequency
content of
the pulse stimulus and signal processing of the
auditory system. For pulses
shorter than about 0.24/CF, it is
shown that response amplitude is
predictably proportional to
pulse energy.
~~~~~~~
TITLE:
Effects of low power microwaves on the local cerebral blood
flow of conscious
rats
Authors: Oscar, K. J. (Army Mobility Equipment
Command)
Published: Jun 01, 1980
Corporate Source:
Army
Mobility Equipment Command (Fort Belvoir, VA, United
States)
Abstract:
A decoy and deception concept presently being
considered is to
remotely create the perception of noise in the heads
of
personnel by exposing them to low power, pulsed microwaves.
When people
are illuminated with properly modulated low power
microwaves the sensation is
reported as a buzzing, clicking, or
hissing which seems to originate
(regardless of the person's
position in the field) within or just behind the
head. The
phenomena occurs at average power densities as low as
microwatts
per square centimeter with carrier frequencies from 0.4 to
3.0
GHz. By proper choice of pulse characteristics, intelligible
speech
may be created. Before this technique may be extended and
used for military
applications, an understanding of the basic
principles must be developed.
Such an understanding is not only
required to optimize the use of the concept
for camouflage,
decoy and deception operations but is required to
properly
assess safety factors of such microwave
exposure.
~~~~~~~
TITLE: Radiation hazard assessment of pulsed
microwave radars.
Authors: Puranen L; Jokela K; Finnish Centre for
Radiation and
Nuclear Safety, Helsinki, Finland.
Source: J Microw
Power Electromagn Energy, 31(3):165-77 1996
Abstract:
Observed
biological effects of pulsed microwave radiation are
reviewed and the
exposure standards for microwave radiation are
summarized. The review
indicates that the microwave auditory
effect is the only well-established
specific effect in
realistic exposure situations. The threshold for the
effect
depends on the energy density per pulse and may be as low as
20
mJ/m2 for people with low hearing threshold. Energy density
limits have been
included in the most recent exposure
for measurements of pulse power
densities around scanning radar
antennas is described, and a simple new model
for the
calculation of power density in the main beam of radar antennas
is
presented. In the near field measured values differed from
the calculated
values by 2-3
dB.
~~~~~~~
http://es.epa.gov/ncerqa_abstracts/sbir/other/monana/kohn.html
Communicating
Via the Microwave Auditory Effect
An innovative and revolutionary
technology is described that
offers a means of low-probability-of-intercept
Radio frequency
(RF) communications. The feasibility of the concept has
been
established using both a low intensity laboratory system and a
high
power RF transmitter. Numerous military applications exist
in areas of search
and rescue, security and special operations.
Awarding Agency: Department
of Defense
SBIR Contract Number: F41624-95-C-9007
Title: Communicating Via
the Microwave Auditory Effect
Principal Investigator: Mr. Brian
Kohn
Company Name:
Science & Engineering Assoc, Inc.
6100 Uptown
Blvd NE
Albuquerque, NM 87110
Telephone Number: 505-884-2300
Business
Representative:
Project Period:
Project Amount: $739,995
Research
Category: Monitoring/Analytical
~~~~~~~
HEARING
DEVICE
United States Patent: 4,858,612 ; Aug. 22, 1989
Inventors:
Stocklin; Philip L.
ABSTRACT:
A method and apparatus for
simulation of hearing in mammals by
introduction of a plurality of microwaves
into the region of the
auditory cortex is shown and described. A microphone
is used to
transform sound signals into electrical signals which are in
turn
analyzed and processed to provide controls for generating a
plurality
of microwave signals at different frequencies. The
multifrequency microwaves
are then applied to the brain in the
region of the auditory cortex. By this
method sounds are perceived
by the mammal which are representative of the
original sound
received by the
microphone.
~~~~~~~
from:
http://mercury.spaceports.com/~persewen/fritzchapter6.htm
The
Illuminati Formula Used to Create an
Undetectable Total Mind Controlled
Slave.
by Cisco Wheeler and Fritz Springmeier
CHAPTER 6. --
SCIENCE
THE USE OF ELECTRONICS &
ELECTRICITY
MICROWAVES FOR PROGRAMMING
On Aug. 22,
1989, Phillip L. Stocklin, P.O. Box 2111, Satellite
Beach, FL took out a
patent -- which is Patent Number 4,858,612
which is a device that can be
placed in the auditory cortex of the
brain. This device allows the following
process: someone speaks
into a microphone, the microphone then has its sounds
coded into
microwave, which are sent to the receiver in the brain and
the
receiver device will transform the microwaves back so that
the
person's mind hears the original sounds. In other words, a person
with
this device in their head will hear whatever the programmers
send via
microwave signals.
HEARING DEVICE
BACKGROUND OF THE
INVENTION
1. Field at the Invention
This invention relates to
devices for aiding at hearing in mammals.
The invention is based upon the
perception at sounds which is
experienced in the brain when the brain is
subjected to certain
microwave radiation signals.
2. Description ot
the Prior Art
In prior art hearing devices for human beings, it is well
known to
amplify sounds to be heard and to apply the amplified sound
signal
to the ear at the person wearing the hearing aid. Hearing
devices
of this type are however limited to hearing disfunctions
where
there is no damage to the auditory nerve or to the auditory
cortex.
In the prior art, if there is damage to the auditory cortex or
the
auditory nerve, it cannot be corrected by the use ot a hearing
aid.
During World War II, individuals in the radiation path of
certain
radar installations observed clicks and buzzing sounds in
response
to the microwave radiation. It was through this early
observation
that it became known to the art that microwaves could cause
a
direct perception at sound within a human brain.
These buzzing or
clicking sounds however were not meaningful and
were not perception of sounds
which could otherwise be heard by the
receiver. This type of microwave
radiation was not representative
of any intelligible sound to be perceived.
In such radar
installations, there was never a sound which was generated
which
resulted in subsequent generation of microwave
signals
representative of that sound. Since the early perception of
buzzing
and clicking. further research has been conducted into
the
micro-wave reaction of the brain. In an article entitled
Possible
Microwave Mechanisms of the Mammalian Nervous System" by Philip
L
Stocklin and Brain F. Stocklin, published in the TIT Journal of
Life
Sciences. Tower International Technomedical Institute. Inc.
P.O. Box 4594,
Philadelphia. Pa. (1979) there is disclosed a
hypothesis that the mammalian
brain generates and uses electro
magnetic waves in the lower microwave
frequency region as an
integral part of the functioning of the central and
peripheral
nervous systems. This analysis is based primarily upon
the
potential energy of a protein integral in the neural membrane. In
an
article by W. Bise entitled "Low Power Radio-Frequency and
Microwave Effects
On Human Electro- encephalogram and Behavior,"
Physiol. Chemistry Phys. 10.
387 (1978), it is reported that there
are significant effects upon the alert
human EEG during radiation
by low intensity cw microwave electromagnetic
energy. Bise observed
significant repeatable EEG effects tar a subject during
radiation
at specific microwave frequencies.
SUMMARY OF THE
INVENTION
Results at theoretical analysis of the physics ot brain tissue
and
the brain/skull cavity, combined with
experimentally-determined
electromagnetic properties at mammalian brain
tissue, indicate the
physical necessity for the existence of electromagnetic
standing
waves. called modes in the living mammalian brain. The
made
characteristics rnay be determined by two geometric properties at
the
brain: these are the cephalic index at the brain (its shape in
prolate
spheroidal coordinates) and the semifocal distance of the
brain (a measure of
its size). It was concluded that estimation ot
brain cephalic index and
semifocal distance using external skull
measurements on subjects permits
estimation of the subjects
characteristic mode frequencies, which in turn
will permit a mode
by mode treatment at the data to simulate
hearing.
This invention provides for sound perception by individuals
who
have impaired hearing resulting tram ear damage, auditory
nerve
damage, and damage to the auditory cortex. This invention
provides
for simulation of microwave radiation which is normally produced
by
the auditory cortex. The simulated brain waves are introduced into
the
region at the auditory cortex and provide for perceived sounds
on the part at
the subject.
~~~~~~~
CRITIQUE OF THE LITERATURE ON BIOEFFECTS
OF
RADIOFREQUENCY RADIATION: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
PERTINENT TO AIR FORCE
OPERATIONS.
Final Report USAFSAM-TR-87-3 (June
1987)
Contents:
http://www.brooks.af.mil/AFRL/HED/hedr/reports/bioeffects/87-3con.htm
3.1.4.2
AUDITORY EFFECTS (Large - 84
KB)
http://www.brooks.af.mil/AFRL/HED/hedr/reports/bioeffects/3-1-4-2.htm
Humans
near some types of pulsed radar systems have perceived
individual pulses of
RFR as audible clicks (without use of
electronic receptors). This phenomenon,
first investigated by Frey
(1961), attracted much interest because it has
been cited often as
evidence that nonthermal effects can occur and because an
initial
hypothesis was that a possible mechanism for perception is
direct
stimulation of the central nervous system by
RFR.
REFERENCES:
Cain, C.A.
and W.J. Rissman
MAMMALIAN AUDITORY RESPONSES TO 3.0 GHz MICROWAVE
PULSES
IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 288-293
(1978)
http://www.eeisnet.com
Chou, C.-K., R. Galambos, A.W. Guy, and
R.H. Lovely
COCHLEAR MICROPHONICS GENERATED BY MICROWAVE PULSES
J.
Microwave Power, Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 361-367 (1975)
Chou, C.-K., A.W.
Guy, and R. Galambos
CHARACTERISTICS OF MICROWAVE-INDUCED COCHLEAR
MICROPHONICS
Radio Sci., Vol. 12, No. 6S, pp. 221-227 (1977)
Chou,
C.-K. and R. Galambos
MIDDLE-EAR STRUCTURES CONTRIBUTE LITTLE TO AUDITORY
PERCEPTION OF
MICROWAVES
J. Microwave Power, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 321-326
(1979)
Chou, C.-K. and A.W. Guy
CARBON-LOADED TEFLON ELECTRODES FOR
CHRONIC EEG RECORDINGS IN
MICROWAVE RESEARCH
J. Microwave Power, Vol. 14,
No. 4, pp. 399-404 (1979a)
Chou, C.-K., and A.W. Guy
MICROWAVE-INDUCED
AUDITORY RESPONSES IN GUINEA PIGS: RELATIONSHIP
OF THRESHOLD AND
MICROWAVE-PULSE DURATION
Radio Sci., Vol. 14, No. 6S, pp. 193-197
(1979b)
Chou, C.-K., A.W. Guy, K.R. Foster, R. Galambos, and D.R.
Justesen
HOLOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT OF MICROWAVE HEARING
Science, Vol. 209,
pp. 1143-1144 (5 Sept 1980a)
Chou, C.-K., K.-C. Yee, and A.W.
Guy
AUDITORY RESPONSE IN RATS EXPOSED TO 2,450 MHZ ELECTROMAGNETIC
WAVES
IN A CIRCULARLY POLARIZED WAVEGUIDE
Bioelectromagnetics, Vol. 6, No. 3, pp.
323-326 (1985a)
Foster, K.R. and E.D. Finch
MICROWAVE HEARING:
EVIDENCE FOR THERMOACOUSTIC AUDITORY STIMULATION
BY PULSED
MICROWAVES
Science, Vol. 185, pp. 256-258 (19 July 1974)
Frey,
A.H.
AUDITORY SYSTEM RESPONSE TO RADIO-FREQUENCY ENERGY
Aerospace Med.,
Vol. 32, pp. 1140-1142 (1961)
Frey, A.H.
HUMAN AUDITORY SYSTEM
RESPONSE TO MODULATED ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY
J. Appl. Physiol., Vol. 17, No.
4, pp. 689-692 (1962)
Frey, A.H.
MAIN STEM EVOKED RESPONSES ASSOCIATED
WITH LOW-INTENSITY PULSED
UHF ENERGY
J. Appl. Physiol., Vol. 23, No. 6,
pp. 984-988 (1967)
Frey, A.H. and R. Messenger, Jr.
HUMAN PERCEPTION
OF ILLUMINATION WITH PULSED ULTRAHIGH-FREQUENCY
ELECTROMAGNETIC
ENERGY
Science, Vol. 181, pp. 356-358 (27 July 1973)
Frey, A.H. and E.
Coren
HOLOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT OF A HYPOTHESIZED MICROWAVE
HEARING
MECHANISM
Science, Vol. 206, pp. 232-234 (12 Oct
1979)
Frey, A.H. and E. Coren
HOLOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT OF MICROWAVE
HEARING [A response]
Science, Vol. 209, pp. 1144-1145 (5 Sept
1980)
Guy, A.W.
ANALYSIS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS INDUCED IN
BIOLOGICAL TISSUES BY
THERMOGRAPHIC STUDIES ON EQUIVALENT PHANTOM
MODELS
IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., Vol. 19, No. 2, pp.
205-214
(1971) http://www.eeisnet.com
Guy, A.W., C.-K. Chou, J.C. Lin,
and D. Christensen
MICROWAVE-INDUCED ACOUSTIC EFFECTS IN MAMMALIAN AUDITORY
SYSTEMS
AND PHYSICAL MATERIALS
Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., Vol 247, pp. 194-218
(1975b)
Guy, A.W., J. Wallace, and J. McDougall
CIRCULARLY POLARIZED
2450 MHZ WAVEGUIDE SYSTEM FOR CHRONIC EXPOSURE
OF SMALL ANIMALS TO
MICROWAVES
Radio Sci., Vol. 14, No. 6S, pp. 63-74 (1979)
Johnson, C.C.
and A.W. Guy
NONIONIZING ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE EFFECTS IN BIOLOGICAL
MATERIALS
AND SYSTEMS
Proc. IEEE, Vol. 60, No. 6, pp. 692-718
(1972)
Lebovitz, R.M. and R.L. Seaman
MICROWAVE HEARING: THE RESPONSE
OF SINGLE AUDITORY NEURONS IN THE
CAT TO PULSED MICROWAVE RADIATION
Radio
Sci., Vol. 12, No. 6S, pp. 229-236 (1977)
Lin, J.C.
MICROWAVE AUDITORY
EFFECT--A COMPARISON OF SOME POSSIBLE
TRANSDUCTION MECHANISMS
J. Microwave
Power, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 77-81 (1976a)
Lin, J.C.
MICROWAVE-INDUCED
HEARING: SOME PRELIMINARY THEORETICAL
OBSERVATIONS
J. Microwave Power,
Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 295-298 (1976b)
Lin, J.C.
ON MICROWAVE-INDUCED
HEARING SENSATION
IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., Vol. 25, No. 7, pp.
605-613
(1977a) http://www.eeisnet.com
Lin, J.C.
FURTHER STUDIES ON
THE MICROWAVE AUDITORY EFFECT
IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., Vol. 25,
No. 7, pp. 938-943
(1977b) http://www.eeisnet.com
Lin,
J.C.
THEORETICAL CALCULATION OF FREQUENCIES AND THRESHOLDS OF
MICROWAVE-
INDUCED AUDITORY SIGNALS
Radio Sci., Vol. 12, No. 6S, pp.
237-242 (1977c)
Lin, J.C.
MICROWAVE AUDITORY EFFECTS AND
APPLICATIONS
Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, IL, p. 108 (1978)
Lin,
J.C., R.J. Meltzer, and F.K. Redding
MICROWAVE-EVOKED BRAINSTEM POTENTIALS IN
CATS
J. Microwave Power, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 291-296 (1979b)
Olsen,
R.G. and W.C. Hammer
MICROWAVE-INDUCED PRESSURE WAVES IN A MODEL OF MUSCLE
TISSUE
Bioelectromagnetics, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 45-54 (1980)
Olsen,
R.G. and W.C. Hammer
EVIDENCE FOR MICROWAVE-INDUCED ACOUSTICAL RESONANCES IN
BIOLOGICAL
MATERIAL
J. Microwave Power, Vol. 16, Nos. 3 & 4, pp.
263-269 (1981)
Olsen, R.G. and J.C. Lin
MICROWAVE PULSE-INDUCED
ACOUSTIC RESONANCES IN SPHERICAL HEAD MODELS
IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory
Tech., Vol. 29, No. 10, pp. 1114-1117
(1981)
http://www.eeisnet.com
Olsen, R.G. and J.C. Lin
MICROWAVE-INDUCED
PRESSURE WAVES IN MAMMALIAN BRAINS
IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., Vol. 30, No. 5,
pp. 289-294 (1983)
http://www.eeisnet.com
Sharp, J.C., H.M. Grove, and
O.P. Gandhi
GENERATION OF ACOUSTIC SIGNALS BY PULSED MICROWAVE ENERGY
IEEE
Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., Vol. 22, No. 5, pp. 583-584
(1974)
http://www.eeisnet.com
Taylor, E.M. and B.T. Ashleman
ANALYSIS OF
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INVOLVEMENT IN THE MICROWAVE
AUDITORY EFFECT
Brain
Res., Vol. 74, pp. 201-208 (1974)
Tyazhelov, V.V., R.E. Tigranian, E.O.
Khizhniak, and I.G. Akoev
SOME PECULIARITIES OF AUDITORY SENSATIONS EVOKED BY
PULSED
MICROWAVE FIELDS
Radio Sci., Vol. 14, No. 6S, pp. 259-263
(1979)
White, R.M.
GENERATION OF ELASTIC WAVES BY TRANSIENT SURFACE
HEATING
J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 34, No. 12, pp. 3559-3567 (1963)
Wilson,
B.S., J.M. Zook, W.T. Joines, and J.H. Casseday
ALTERATIONS IN ACTIVITY
AT AUDITORY NUCLEI OF THE RAT INDUCED BY
EXPOSURE TO MICROWAVE
RADIATION:
AUTORADIOGRAPHIC EVIDENCE USING [C-14] 2-DEOXY-D-GLUCOSE
Brain
Res., Vol. 187, pp. 291-306 (1980)
~~~~~~~
HUMAN EXPOSURE
TO RADIOFREQUENCY RADIATION: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
PERTINENT TO AIR FORCE
OPERATIONS
Air Force Research Laboratory, AL/OE-TR-1996-0035, 30 June
1994
Contents:
http://www.brooks.af.mil/AFRL/HED/hedr/reports/human_exposure/humtoc.html
3.1
THE RFR-AUDITORY
EFFECT
http://www.brooks.af.mil/AFRL/HED/hedr/reports/human_exposure/htmlfil
e13.html#3.1
3.1.2
CONCLUSIONS
From a variety of studies of the RFR-auditory effect in
humans,
[Frey (1961, 1962), White (1963), Frey and Messenger (1973),
Foster
and Finch (1974), Sharp et al. (1974), Guy et al. (1975b),
Lin
(1977c), Cain and Rissman (1978)], considerable understanding has
been
achieved about the interaction mechanisms that give rise to
the effect. The
book by Lin (1978) presents detailed discussions of
the various mechanisms
that had been proposed for the effect, and
the experimental evidence that
supports the theory that the effect
is due to induction thermoelastic waves
by RFR pulses at a boundary
between tissues of dissimilar dielectric
properties within the
head, with propagation of the waves to the auditory
system.
Noteworthy are the findings of several studies that persons
with
specific hearing impairments are unable to perceive RFR pulses;
the
finding of Foster and Finch (1974) that the effect does not occur
in
water at 4_C, where its thermal expansion coefficient is zero;
and the
peak-energy-density and peak-power-density thresholds for
perception
determined by Guy et al. (1975b) and Cain and Rissman
(1978). [A peak power
density of 300 mW/cm_ is taken as the nominal
perception threshold for humans
of RFR pulses 10 �s or longer.]
However, the subsequent unusual findings
of Tyazhelov et al. (1979)
may indicate that specific aspects of the
phenomenon are worth
further study. On the other hand, it is noteworthy that
Cain and
Rissman (1978) had exposed human volunteers to pulses of
3.0-GHz
RFR at peak power densities as high as 2,500 mW/cm_ with
no
apparent ill effects. Thus, it is unlikely that persons perceiving
RFR
pulses would be affected
adversely.
References:
http://www.brooks.af.mil/AFRL/HED/hedr/reports/human_exposure/humref.html
~~~~~~~
from:
Mind
Control
By Harry V. Martin and David Caul
From the Napa Sentinel, Napa,
CA, USA
http://www.trufax.org/trans/napa.html
Thirty years
ago, Allen Frey discovered that microwaves of 300 to
3000 megahertz could be
"heard" by people, even if they were deaf,
if pulsed at a certain rate.
Appearing to be originating just in
back of the head, the sound boomed,
clicked, hissed or buzzed,
depending upon the frequency. Later research has
shown that the
perception of the waves take place just in front of the ears.
The
microwaves causes pressure waves in the brain tissue, and
this
phenomenon vibrates the sound receptors in the inner ear through
the
bone structure. Some microwaves are capable of directly
stimulating the nerve
cells of the auditory pathways. This has been
confirmed with experiments with
rats, in which the sound registers
120 decibels, which is equal to the volume
of a nearby jet during
takeoff.
~~~~~~~
from:
SOME
ASPECTS OF ANTI PERSONNEL ELECTROMAGNETIC WEAPONS
David G. Guyatt Freelance
Writer/Researcher
Synopsis prepared for the ICRC Symposium
THE MEDICAL
PROFESSION AND THE EFFECTS OF WEAPONS
February
1996
http://www.copi.com/Articles/MK_FITB.rtf
Drs Joseph Sharp
and Allen Frey experimented with microwaves
seeking to transmit spoken words
directly into the audio cortex via
a pulsed-microwave analog of the speaker's
sound vibration.
Indeed, Frey's work in this field, dating back to 1960 gave
rise to
the so called "Frey effect" which is now more commonly referred
to
as "microwave hearing."19 Within the Pentagon this ability is now
known
as "Artificial Telepathy".20 Adey and others have compiled
an entire library
of frequencies and pulsation rates which can
effect the mind and nervous
system.
19 In this connection the work of Dr. James Lin of
Wayne
State University should be noted. Lin has written a book
entitled
"Microwave Auditory Effects & Applications" in
which he states "The
capability of communicating directly
with humans by pulsed microwaves is
obviously not limited to
the field of therapeutic medicine."
20 Refer
to Dr. Robert Becker who has stated "Such a device
has obvious applications
in covert operations designed to
drive a target crazy with "voices" or
deliver undetected
instructions to a programmed assassin." In 1974 Dr J
F
Scapitz filed a plan to explore the interaction of radio
signals and
hypnosis. He stated that "In this investigation
it will be shown that the
spoken word of the hypnotists may
be conveyed by modulate electromagnetic
energy directly into
the subconscious parts of the human brain -- i.e.
without
employing any technical devices for receiving or transcoding
the
messages and without the person exposed to such
influence having a chance to
control the information input
consciously." Schapitz' work was funded by the
DoD.
Despite FOIA filings his work has never been made available.
Also it
is interesting to note the date of 1974, which
almost exactly mirror's the
period when the USSR commenced
its own programme that resulted in
"Acoustic
Psycho-correction
technology."
~~~~~~~
Microwaves and Behavior
Dr. Don R.
Justesen
American Psychologist, Journal of the American
Psychological
Association, Volume 30, March 1975, Number 3
Page
396:
The demonstration of sonic transduction of microwave energy
by
materials lacking in water LESSENS the likelihood that a
thermohydraulic
principle is operating in human perception
of the energy. Nonetheless, some
form of thermoacoustic
transduction probably underlies perception. If so, it
is
clear that simple heating is NOT a sufficient basis for the
Frey
effect; the requirement for pulsing of radiations
appears to implicate a
thermodynamic principle.
Frey and Messenger (1973) and Guy, Chou, Lin,
and Christensen
(1975) confirmed that a microwave pulse with a slow rise
time
is INeffective in producing an auditory response; only
if the rise
time is SHORT, resulting in effect in a square
wave with respect to the
leading edge of the envelope of
radiated radio-frequency energy, does the
auditory
response
occur.
from:
http://www.raven1.net/v2succes.htm