Abstract: Life is an information-based, cooperative enterprise, evolving organisms capable of continually handling {1} greater quantities {2} of increasingly more complex information {3} ever more effectively. Social animals have taken this to new heights, with humans surpassing them all thanks to our language abilities, and capacity to elaborate an enormous diversity of memes, ranging over mythologies to scientific knowledge. Knowledge has grown through interplay of seeking after truth, monopolizing knowledge and telling calculated lies; science has succeeded in ensuring its truly progressive evolution by promoting diversity amongst knowledge elements and a regime of selection that ensures objective validity and internal consistency.