“Cowen has sufficient credentials to be treated as a reliable expert” Maybe not for much longer. Cheers, P. From: The Cunctator [mailto:cunctator@gmail.com] Sent: 17 March 2023 17:49 To: Wikimedia Mailing List Subject: [Wikimedia-l] Re: Bing-ChatGPT This is an important development for editors to be aware of - we're going to have to be increasingly on the lookout for sources using ML-generated bullshit. Here are two instances I'm aware of this week: https://www.thenation.com/article/culture/internet-archive-publishers-lawsu… In late February, Tyler Cowen, a libertarian economics professor at George Mason University, published a blog post <https://web.archive.org/web/20230305055906/https:/marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2023/02/who-was-the-most-important-critic-of-the-printing-press-in-the-17th-century.html> titled, “Who was the most important critic of the printing press in the 17th century?” Cowen’s post contended that the polymath and statesman Francis Bacon was an “important” critic of the printing press; unfortunately, the post contains long, fake quotes attributed to Bacon’s The Advancement of Learning (1605), complete with false chapter and section numbers. Tech writer Mathew Ingram drew attention to the fabrications <https://newsletter.mathewingram.com/tyler-cowen-francis-bacon-and-the-chatgpt-engine/> a few days later, noting that Cowen has been <https://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2023/02/how-should-you-talk-to-chatgpt-a-users-guide.html> writing approvingly about the AI chatbot ChatGPT for some time now; several commenters on Cowen’s post assumed the fake quotes must be the handiwork of ChatGPT. (Cowen did not reply to e-mailed questions regarding the post by press time, and later removed the post entirely, with no explanation whatsoever. However, a copy remains at the Internet Archive’s Wayback Machine). <https://www.vice.com/en/article/3akz8y/ai-injected-misinformation-into-article-claiming-misinformation-in-navalny-doc> https://www.vice.com/en/article/3akz8y/ai-injected-misinformation-into-arti… An article claiming to identify misinformation in an Oscar-winning documentary about imprisoned Russian dissident Alexei Navalny is itself full of misinformation, thanks to the author using AI. Investigative news outlet The Grayzone recently <https://thegrayzone.com/2023/03/13/oscar-navalny-documentary-misinformation/> published an article that included AI-generated text as a source for its information. The <http://web.archive.org/web/20230314131551/https:/thegrayzone.com/2023/03/13/oscar-navalny-documentary-misinformation/> piece, “Oscar-winning ‘Navalny’ documentary is packed with misinformation” by Lucy Komisar, included hyperlinks to <http://web.archive.org/web/20230314121144/https:/www.thekomisarscoop.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Many-contributors-have-backgrounds-that-suggest-they-are-biased-in-favor-of-western-governments-and-against-its-enemies.pdf> PDFs uploaded to the author’s personal website that appear to be screenshots of conversations she had with ChatSonic, a free generative AI chatbot that advertises itself as a ChatGPT alternative that can “write factual trending content” using Google search results. That said, I don't think this is anything to be too stressed about; the Grayzone is already a deprecated source and blogs like Marginal Revolution are treated with caution, though Cowen has sufficient credentials to be treated as a reliable expert. On Fri, Mar 17, 2023 at 11:23 AM Kimmo Virtanen &lt;kimmo.virtanen(a)wikimedia.fi&gt; wrote: Hi, The development of open-source large language models is going forward. The GPT-4 was released and it seems that it passed the Bar exam and tried to hire humans to solve catchpas which were too complex. However, the development in the open source and hacking side has been pretty fast and it seems that there are all the pieces for running LLM models in personal hardware (and in web browsers). Biggest missing piece is fine tuning of open source models such as Neox for the English language. For multilingual and multimodal (for example images+text) the model is also needed. So this is kind of a link dump for relevant things for creation of open source LLM model and service and also recap where the hacker community is now. 1.) Creation of an initial unaligned model. · Possible models · <https://github.com/EleutherAI/gpt-neox> 20b Neo(X) by EleutherAI (Apache 2.0) · <https://huggingface.co/KoboldAI/fairseq-dense-13B> Fairseq Dense by Facebook (MIT-licence) · <https://ai.facebook.com/blog/large-language-model-llama-meta-ai/> LLaMa by Facebook (custom license, leaked research use only) · <https://huggingface.co/bigscience/bloom> Bloom by Bigscience ( <https://huggingface.co/spaces/bigscience/license> custom license. open, non-commercial) 2.) Fine-tuning or align · Example: Standford Alpaca is ChatGPT fine-tuned LLaMa · <https://crfm.stanford.edu/2023/03/13/alpaca.html> Alpaca: A Strong, Replicable Instruction-Following Model · <https://replicate.com/blog/replicate-alpaca> Train and run Stanford Alpaca on your own machine · <https://github.com/tloen/alpaca-lora> Github: Alpaca-LoRA: Low-Rank LLaMA Instruct-Tuning 3.) 8,4,3 bit-quantization of model for reduced hardware requirements · <https://til.simonwillison.net/llms/llama-7b-m2> Running LLaMA 7B and 13B on a 64GB M2 MacBook Pro with llama.cpp · Github: <https://github.com/NouamaneTazi/bloomz.cpp> bloomz.cpp & <https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp> llama.cpp (C++ only versions) · <https://nolanoorg.substack.com/p/int-4-llama-is-not-enough-int-3-and> Int-4 LLaMa is not enough - Int-3 and beyond · <https://finbarrtimbers.substack.com/p/how-is-llamacpp-possible> How is LLaMa.cpp possible? 4.) Easy-to-use interfaces · <https://xenova.github.io/transformers.js/> Transformer.js (WebAssembly libraries to run LLM models in the browser) · <https://github.com/cocktailpeanut/dalai> Dalai ( run LLaMA and Alpaca in own computer as Node.js web service) · <https://github.com/mlc-ai/web-stable-diffusion> web-stable-diffusion (stable diffusion image generation in browser) Br, -- Kimmo Virtanen On Fri, Mar 17, 2023 at 1:53 PM Kimmo Virtanen &lt;kimmo.virtanen(a)gmail.com&gt; wrote: Hi, The development of open-source large language models is going forward. The GPT-4 was released and it seems that it passed the Bar exam and tried to hire humans to solve catchpas which were too complex to it. However, the development in open source and hacking side has been pretty fast and it seems that there is all the pieces for running LLM models in personal hardware (and in web browser). Biggest missing piece is fine tuning of open source model such as Neox for english language. For multilingual and multimodal (for example images+text) the model is also needed. So this is kind of link dump for relevant things for creation of open source LLM model and service and also recap where hacker community is now. 1.) Creation of an initial unaligned model. * Possible models * <https://github.com/EleutherAI/gpt-neox> 20b Neo(X) by EleutherAI (Apache 2.0) * <https://huggingface.co/KoboldAI/fairseq-dense-13B> Fairseq Dense by Facebook (MIT-licence) * <https://ai.facebook.com/blog/large-language-model-llama-meta-ai/> LLaMa by Facebook (custom license, leaked research use only) * <https://huggingface.co/bigscience/bloom> Bloom by Bigscience ( <https://huggingface.co/spaces/bigscience/license> custom license. open, non-commercial) 2.) Fine-tuning or align * Example: Standford Alpaca is ChatGPT fine-tuned LLaMa * <https://crfm.stanford.edu/2023/03/13/alpaca.html> Alpaca: A Strong, Replicable Instruction-Following Model * <https://replicate.com/blog/replicate-alpaca> Train and run Stanford Alpaca on your own machine * <https://github.com/tloen/alpaca-lora> Github: Alpaca-LoRA: Low-Rank LLaMA Instruct-Tuning 3.) 8,4,3 bit-quantization of model for reduced hardware requirements * <https://til.simonwillison.net/llms/llama-7b-m2> Running LLaMA 7B and 13B on a 64GB M2 MacBook Pro with llama.cpp * Github: <https://github.com/NouamaneTazi/bloomz.cpp> bloomz.cpp & <https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp> llama.cpp (C++ only versions) * <https://nolanoorg.substack.com/p/int-4-llama-is-not-enough-int-3-and> Int-4 LLaMa is not enough - Int-3 and beyond * <https://finbarrtimbers.substack.com/p/how-is-llamacpp-possible> How is LLaMa.cpp possible? 4.) Easy-to-use interfaces * <https://xenova.github.io/transformers.js/> Transformer.js (WebAssembly libraries to run LLM models in the browser) * <https://github.com/cocktailpeanut/dalai> Dalai ( run LLaMA and Alpaca in own computer as Node.js web service) * <https://github.com/mlc-ai/web-stable-diffusion> web-stable-diffusion (stable diffusion image generation in browser) Br, -- Kimmo Virtanen On Mon, Mar 6, 2023 at 6:50 AM Steven Walling &lt;steven.walling(a)gmail.com&gt; wrote: On Sun, Mar 5, 2023 at 8:39 PM Luis (lu.is) &lt;luis(a)lu.is&gt; wrote: On Feb 22, 2023 at 9:28 AM -0800, Sage Ross &lt;ragesoss+wikipedia(a)gmail.com <mailto:ragesoss%2Bwikipedia@gmail.com> >, wrote: Luis, OpenAI researchers have released some info about data sources that trained GPT-3 (and hence ChatGPT): https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.14165 See section 2.2, starting on page 8 of the PDF. The full text of English Wikipedia is one of five sources, the others being CommonCrawl, a smaller subset of scraped websites based on upvoted reddit links, and two unrevealed datasets of scanned books. (I've read speculation that one of these datasets is basically the Library Genesis archive.) Wikipedia is much smaller than the other datasets, although they did weight it somewhat more heavily than any other dataset. With the extra weighting, they say Wikipedia accounts for 3% of the total training. Thanks, Sage. Facebook’s recently-released LLaMa also shares some of their training sources, it turns out, with similar weighting for Wikipedia - only 4.5% of training text, but more heavily weighted than most other sources: https://twitter.com/GuillaumeLample/status/1629151234597740550 Those stats are undercounting, since the top source (CommonCrawl) also itself includes Wikipedia as its third largest source. https://commoncrawl.github.io/cc-crawl-statistics/plots/domains _______________________________________________ Wikimedia-l mailing list -- wikimedia-l(a)lists.wikimedia.org, guidelines at: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Mailing_lists/Guidelines and https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia-l Public archives at https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org… To unsubscribe send an email to wikimedia-l-leave(a)lists.wikimedia.org _______________________________________________ Wikimedia-l mailing list -- wikimedia-l(a)lists.wikimedia.org, guidelines at: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Mailing_lists/Guidelines and https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia-l Public archives at https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org… To unsubscribe send an email to wikimedia-l-leave(a)lists.wikimedia.org _______________________________________________ Wikimedia-l mailing list -- wikimedia-l(a)lists.wikimedia.org, guidelines at: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Mailing_lists/Guidelines and https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia-l Public archives at https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org… To unsubscribe send an email to wikimedia-l-leave(a)lists.wikimedia.org <http://www.avg.com/email-signature?utm_medium=email&utm_source=link&utm_campaign=sig-email&utm_content=emailclient> Virus-free. <http://www.avg.com/email-signature?utm_medium=email&utm_source=link&utm_campaign=sig-email&utm_content=emailclient> www.avg.com

I really feel like we're getting into pretty aggressive corporate abuse of the Wikipedia copyleft. On Fri, Mar 17, 2023, 4:45 PM Adam Sobieski &lt;adamsobieski(a)hotmail.com&gt; wrote:

In european union there is in pipeline "Regulation Laying Down Harmonized Rules on Artificial Intelligence" aka AI Act and "AI Liability Directive" (AILD). AI act text afaik is currently in finalizing phase. * https://www.insideprivacy.com/artificial-intelligence/eu-ai-policy-and-regu… * https://www.dentons.com/en/insights/articles/2023/february/1/regulating-ai-… Interesting note is that there is no wikipedia article about these or even wikidata items. Br, -- Kimmo Virtanen, Zache On Sat, Mar 18, 2023 at 4:06 AM Steven Walling &lt;steven.walling(a)gmail.com&gt; wrote:

On Fri, Mar 17, 2023 at 7:05 PM Steven Walling &lt;steven.walling(a)gmail.com&gt; wrote: Morally, I agree that companies like OpenAI would do well to recognize and nurture the sources they rely upon in training their models. Especially as the web becomes polluted with low quality AI-generated content, it would seem in everybody's best interest to sustain the communities and services that make and keep high quality information available. Not just Wikimedia, but also the Internet Archive, open access journals and preprint servers, etc. Legally, it seems a lot murkier. OpenAI in particular does not distribute any of its GPT models. You can feed them prompts by various means, and get responses back. Do those responses plagiarize Wikipedia? With image-generating models like Stable Diffusion, it's been found that the models sometimes generate output nearly indistinguishable from source material [1]. I don't know if similar studies have been undertaken for text-generating models yet. You can certainly ask GPT-4 to generate something that looks like a Wikipedia article -- here are example results for generating a random Wikipedia article: Article: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Talented_Mr._Ripley_(film) GPT-4 run 1: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Eloquence/GPT4_Example/1 (cut off at the ChatGPT generation limit) GPT-4 run 2: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Eloquence/GPT4_Example/2 GPT-4 run 3: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Eloquence/GPT4_Example/3 It imitates the form of a Wikipedia article & mixes up / makes up assertions, but I don't know that any of its generations would meet the standard of infringing on the Wikipedia article's copyright. IANAL either, and as you say, the legal landscape is evolving rapidly. Warmly, Erik [1] https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2023/02/researchers-extract-…

Or, maybe just require an open disclosure of where the bot pulled from and how much, instead of having it be a black box? "Text in this response derived from: 17% Wikipedia article 'Example', 12% Wikipedia article 'SomeOtherThing', 10%...". On Sat, Mar 18, 2023 at 10:17 PM Steven Walling &lt;steven.walling(a)gmail.com&gt; wrote:

FYI, there's an open letter requesting a 6-month pause on AI development <https://futureoflife.org/open-letter/pause-giant-ai-experiments/>, with reasonable arguments (in my opinion) and signed by several big names too. The basic rationale, as I understand it, is that similar to human cloning, human germline modification, gain-of-function research and other world-changing and potentially dangerous technologies, there should be some kind of procedure to ensure that safety keeps pace with development, which the current AI race is not allowing. On Sun, Mar 19, 2023 at 5:20 AM Kimmo Virtanen &lt;kimmo.virtanen(a)wikimedia.fi&gt; wrote: