There have been a number of responses from the mainland Chinese media in the past week, and I found myself thinking about the two below, as well as the term "infiltration":
The first article frames recent developments as a blow to Wikipedia's "neutrality". I've long wondered what neutrality actually means on a global stage, and how far the community is prepared to go in pursuing this ideal.
In the English Wikipedia, neutrality is defined as "representing fairly, proportionately, and, as far as possible, without editorial bias, all the significant views that have been published by reliable sources on a topic."
This sounds great until you come to realise that it all hinges on a single word: "reliable". If you say that certain sources – or certain countries' sources – are "not reliable", the whole edifice falls down.
Now the average reliability of academic or journalistic research can certainly vary from one country to the next. The local political and economical climate always influences what is published. Countries are also at different stages of development. In many fields, what counted as good research in a given locale fifty or hundred years ago may seem ridiculously flawed and "unreliable" today.
So different times and different locales have different standards. At the same time we can take it as a given that everyone is indoctrinated and conditioned by the environment and culture they're born into. While we're all human, human societies are inherently tribal. Everyone is made to believe to some extent that their own tribe – or at least a specific subgroup within it – "tells the truth", and that others often "lie".
Yet we know that our own politicians have also lied to us, and that the media we ourselves consume and soak up daily are subject to political and economical influence and manipulation. To some extent we are all willing victims of our own culture's propaganda.
Given that this conditioning happens and has happened in every society that has ever existed, it comes as no surprise that with a predominantly Western, Caucasian, politically centre-left user base, the sources most guaranteed to be considered "reliable" in Wikipedia are those written and published by centre-left Caucasian Westerners. A state broadcaster like the BBC is considered infinitely more "reliable" than a state broadcaster like Russia Today, or the Global Times.
If you now hear a voice in your head reflexively responding, "But the BBC simply IS far more reliable than Russian or Chinese state sources", then what does "neutrality" actually mean when speaking on an international stage? Shouldn't we be open about the way we are privileging "our" sources because we believe them to be more truthful?
This is essentially what the second Chinese article linked above is arguing: it says (somewhat polemically) that it would be better to call Wikipedia the "US State Department Encyclopedia" or something like that. And actually, many of us will recall that the Clinton State Department was indeed represented at Wikimania 2012 – and that there have been ongoing personal ties between the WMF and the Clintons, as well as the US Council on Foreign Relations, ever since.[1]
So while the Chinese editors are saying – not entirely without rational justification – that the WMF has been "infiltrated" by the US State Department, the WMF is saying that Wikipedia has been "infiltrated" – if not by the Chinese government as such (though it seems more likely than not to me that the mainland user group has government links), then by a user group that is largely sympathetic to it.
Which brings me to my main point: maybe the term "infiltration" is simply not very helpful if we are trying to build a resource that reflects all of humanity, as One Humanity. Can we find a different way of talking about this?
I don't want to be accused of being entirely lost in relativism, so I want to conclude by saying that I take a very dim view of the idea of reporting Wikipedians to state authorities for their support or opposition to any political regime in power anywhere.
Wikipedia, starting a "purge" of Chinese people?
Global Times Commentary
Published: 09-18
00:25
The official account of the Global Times
Recently, Wikipedia, the world-renowned online encyclopedia project, suddenly did something extremely bad and politically charged - it blocked a number of mainland Chinese editors who had been building its pages in Chinese for free.
Not only that, but the Wikimedia Foundation, the administrator of Wikipedia, has used a biased tone, as if from the US government, to smear these mainland editors from the "Wikipedians of Mainland China" group as "infiltrators". The Chinese government's forces have infiltrated Wikipedia".
Now, the BBC and other Western media have also jumped on the bandwagon and are actively collaborating with the Wikimedia Foundation to "glorify" this "purge" of Chinese editors.
Although Wikipedia has never officially entered the Chinese web space, a group of mainland netizens have been building many of Wikipedia's Chinese entries on China for years, out of simple humanism, free of charge, to maintain the objectivity and impartiality of these pages and to prevent extremist political and cultist forces from contaminating and kidnapping the content.
However, in a rather biased report, the BBC quoted extensively the unilateral statement of the Wikimedia Foundation, which had brutally blocked these mainland editors, giving these mainland editors, who had never received any support or help from the organisation and who were only serious about doing a good job in the Chinese world as an open online encyclopaedia, allowing China and the world to get to know each other, a bad name. The mainland editors have been branded as "Chinese government forces that have infiltrated Wikipedia".
It is reported that the Wikimedia Foundation, which actually controls Wikipedia, has now blocked the accounts of seven Chinese editors and revoked the administrative rights of 12 Chinese editors. The reason is simply that they refuse to allow some extremists and cultists supported by anti-China forces in the US and the West to pollute the wikipedia on various topics related to China.
Moreover, as the administrator of the world's largest open online encyclopedia, the Wikimedia Foundation's smear campaign against these mainland editors, especially its use of various smear labels, is also highly consistent with the smear campaign against Chinese civil society voices in overseas Chinese circles by the US State Department and many of the anti-China media mouthpieces it supports.
In fact, the editors of the Mainland Chinese Wikipedians User Group have already issued an open letter listing the contributions of Mainland Chinese Wikipedians and the falsehoods that the Wikimedia Foundation has thrown out in its blockade of Mainland Chinese editors, in protest against the purge and persecution of them.
But the BBC did not interview the disgruntled mainland editors, nor did it give the same amount of space to these protests by the mainland editors, but simply mentioned that the editors had posted a post in response to the banning, and then nothing more.
This makes one wonder whether the BBC, which claims to be "objective and neutral", is actually acting as a mouthpiece for the US government's anti-China propaganda.
(The picture is an open letter issued by mainland Wikipedians to protest against the purging of mainland editors by the Wikimedia Foundation)
So, since the BBC has not been objective and fair in presenting the voices of the mainland editors who are now being brutalised by Wikipedia, Geng Zhi decided to use our Chinese media platform to give them a voice. Here is the latest statement sent to us by these editors about the "purge" of mainland Wikipedians and the BBC's biased reporting on the matter.
Statement from the Wikipedians of Mainland China user group on "Wikimedia Foundation's action against Chinese Wikipedia in 2021"
Wikipedia is currently the largest online encyclopedia project on the Internet. Its reputation is based on its open-editorial, free-sharing nature and the quality of its entries, which are no less than those of traditional encyclopedias such as Encyclopedia Britannica and any online encyclopedia. After the establishment of the Chinese Wikipedia, Chinese language users around the world, including people in mainland China, compatriots in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, and overseas Chinese, actively participated in this great project of human civilization. As a result, Wikipedia has become one of the most influential sites in the world for Chinese language users. As the number of entries and their content grew, editors interested in the development of the mainland Wikipedian community formed the "Wikipedians in Mainland China", a loose group of users, to develop a community and organise events in mainland China, in an attempt to add to the record and development of civilisation.
Since its inception, the Wikipedians in Mainland China User Group (WMCUG) has worked to eliminate, or at least reduce, the unjustified treatment of mainland Wikipedians who edit normal Wikipedia content, such as attacks based on political stance and regional bias, including name-calling and ridicule, misinterpretation and slander, and even physical threats and cyber violence. We have repeatedly advised the so-called Wikimedia Foundation, the operator of Wikipedia, to address the issue of the Chinese Wikipedia. However, like most bureaucratic organisations, the Wikimedia Foundation has ignored these legitimate requests. As a result, our user group has taken on the difficult job of developing a community and protecting editors, organising a wide range of editorial events, teaching novices about the language and editing skills of the wiki, improving the capacity of editors, training site experts, and providing security advice and protection for the many wikipedians (especially novices) who attend online and offline events.
We must point out that WMCUG has been in existence for four years and has received almost no help from the Wikimedia Foundation, which has done little more than monitor our actions, discriminate against our editors, ignore our demands, and fight against us. WMCUG is not an arm of the Wikimedia Foundation, is not controlled by it, is not threatened by it, and will never become its puppet. Despite the growing bureaucratic power of the Foundation and the increasing interference in the affairs of the Wikipedia community in all languages, unlike some other Wikimedia organisations, WMCUG has not tried to interfere with the decisions made by the Wikimedia Foundation by any extra-wiki actions. To date, all WMCUG members have joined and left voluntarily, and we have members from all groups of Chinese-speaking, Chinese culture-loving users around the world. We have remained true to the spirit of freedom and openness that has characterised Wikipedia since its inception. During this most difficult week, we have been deeply touched by the steady stream of editors who have been determined to join us publicly and speak out for us, despite the risk warnings we have issued.
In the BBC's report, the Wikimedia Foundation has made serious and unjust political accusations against all mainland Wikipedians by treating all the accounts of mainland editors as the Chinese government's infiltration of Wikipedia's online army, which is at odds with the Wikimedia Project's long-held position of neutrality. These bureaucrats, who share the US$100 million donation pie and suck the blood from the unpaid contributions of Wikipedians and technical volunteers around the world, are mainly from US conglomerates and "NGOs" who have not even been involved in writing Wikipedia content for as long or as often as the community of WMCUG users who have been voted in by their editors. They have been involved with Wikipedia content for less than one percent, one thousandth or even one ten thousandth of the time of the Wikipedia editors-in-chief and other senior editors voted for by the community based on their editorial contributions. Under the banner of Wikipedia's continuity and development, they beg for donations from people in Africa and South America who are already struggling to make ends meet, but do little to improve the treatment and experience of the editors of projects such as Wikipedia, while claiming to promote knowledge sharing and editing for all, extracting benefits from the selfless work of volunteers around the world, and largely failing to reward content contributors, when these bureaucrats themselves hardly ever edit Wikipedia and never make any real effort to improve the content.
In our view, the Wikimedia Foundation is more of a political mouthpiece for the Washington authorities in this case. We have to wonder if in the future some of the items, content and opinions that the Washington authorities do not like will gradually disappear and not be in their interest, and if the editors, who are seen as a thorn in the side of the Wikimedia Foundation and the US government, will be gradually ostracised and suppressed. --It would be better to change the name to "US State Department Encyclopedia" or even "US Encyclopedia" or "Anti-Chinese Encyclopedia". It would be better to call it "The US State Department Encyclopedia" or even "The Great American Encyclopedia" or "The Anti-China Encyclopedia". In the future, perhaps whenever a difficult management issue arises that cannot be resolved, the "Foundation" will ban a few more Chinese editors, pin the stigma on China, and then point a finger covered in $100 million cake cream at the Chinese users they killed and say: "Look, this is a disruptor, a spy, a tool of the Chinese government! A tool of foreign propaganda.
We must say that this action by the Wikimedia Foundation is completely wrong. This deliberate targeting of mainland Chinese editors, the mass banning and removal of community-elected administrators, will greatly undermine the confidence of Wikipedia editors and shake the confidence of readers in the Wikipedia philosophy. We are extremely saddened by this and strongly condemn it. It is not any mainland editors or group of editors who are responsible for the adverse effects of this incident, but rather the biased and unjust Wikimedia Foundation and some individual editors who have taken it personally and fanned the flames. In response to such injustice, the editors of mainland China will not sit idly by and take it lying down. We will fight back with the utmost vigour and fight to the end.
Author: Geng Jie