James, this would be possible the moment Wikibase team accept this to be a requirement. This is not a technical issue, it's a philosophical one.
I have written a patch that allows wikis to customize it very easily, but alas, no progress.  Feel free to chime in.

https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/Wikibase/+/455480

On Wed, Nov 28, 2018 at 1:15 PM James Heald <jpm.heald@gmail.com> wrote:
It should also be made possible for the local wikibase to use local
prefixes other than 'P' and 'Q' for its own local properties and items,
otherwise it makes things needlessly confusing -- but currently I think
this is not possible.

   -- James

On 28/11/2018 16:32, Yuri Astrakhan wrote:
> I would add another very important aspect - query prefixes - to build some
> cohesion within Wikibase community.
>
> Currently, WDQS hardcodes prefixes like "wd:" and "wdt:" to be based on the
> "conceptUri" parameter.  Which means that any Wikibase installation that
> has its own data would still use well-recognized wd* style prefixes, but
> they would not mean the same thing as for Wikidata, causing confusion.
> This is especially important because in most cases, people will want to use
> federated queries to join data from their own Wikibase instances with the
> Wikidata one.
>
> My project - sophox.org (OpenStreetMap data and metadata) - has set up an
> additional set of prefixes that mirror the wd* ones -- osmd, osmdt, ...,
> but users still have to override the default wd: meaning to point back to
> Wikidata, otherwise they cannot meaningfully use Wikidata federation.
>
> On Wed, Nov 28, 2018 at 8:24 AM Baptiste de Coulon (le lieu imaginaire) <
> bdc@lelieuimaginaire.ch> wrote:
>
>> Hello,
>>
>> In the pre-conference of SWIB18 [1], Stacy Allison-Cassin and Dan Scott
>> have lead yesterday a great workshop on "Wikibase: configure, customize,
>> and collaborate".
>>
>> Among others, the discussion on the panel have show the big interest on a
>> decentralized mode to use Wikidata throug a network of Wikibase instances.
>>
>> To implement it, we have identify the following needs:
>>
>>     - Wikibase instance on Docker have to be update to current version of
>>     the software.
>>     - A users' community have to be build and remain in close connecting interactions
>>     with the development team.
>>     - Performing Import and export script between Wikidata and Wikibase
>>     have to be achieve.
>>     - Connecting Properties have to be developping in the way to
>>     interoperate the instances.
>>
>> Is the Wikidata Community agree with this proposal? The development team
>> also?
>>
>> Is it necessary to open a second mailing-list dedicate to Wikibase?
>>
>> Where is the best place to discuss of all this things?
>>
>> Best Regards
>>
>> Baptiste
>>
>> [1] http://swib.org/swib18/index.html
>> Pour le lieu imaginaire
>>
>> Baptiste de Coulon
>> conseiller en gestion de l'information
>>
>> le lieu imaginaire
>> rue des Oeillets 14
>> 2502 Bienne
>> Suisse
>>
>> +41 78 636 32 17
>> bdc@lelieuimaginaire.ch
>> lelieuimaginaire.ch
>>
>> _______________________________________________
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>>
>
>
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