In a nutshell, you can safely assume that only
the property 'stated in' matters.
I think 'inferred from' (P3452) should also be considered as an internal reference.
Probably but this property is not often used.
I managed to make a query work: https://w.wiki/FqH (number of use of the 76 properties used in the references space for items located in Paris, the last part is to have a small sample and avoid timeout ; also, maybe the SPARQL code could be optimized, I just wanted to have an overview and confirm my assumption that only a few property are widely used)