Macedonia was an ancient kingdom on the periphery of Archaic and
Classical Greece, and later the dominant state of Hellenistic Greece.
The kingdom was founded and initially ruled by the Argead dynasty,
followed by the Antipatrid and Antigonid dynasties. Home to the ancient
Macedonians, it originated on the northeastern part of the Greek
peninsula. Before the 4th century BC, it was a small kingdom outside of
the area dominated by the city-states of Athens, Sparta and Thebes, and
briefly subordinate to Achaemenid Persia. During the reign of the Argead
king Philip II (359–336 BC), Macedonia subdued mainland Greece and
the Thracians' Odrysian kingdom through conquest and diplomacy, and
defeated Athens and Thebes in the Battle of Chaeronea. His son Alexander
the Great, commanding the whole of Greece, destroyed Thebes after the
city revolted. During Alexander's subsequent campaign of conquest, he
overthrew the Achaemenid Empire and conquered as far as the Indus River.
Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macedonia_%28ancient_kingdom%29>
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Today's selected anniversaries:
1794:
French Revolution: Maximilien Robespierre established the Cult
of the Supreme Being as the new state religion of the French First
Republic.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cult_of_the_Supreme_Being>
1940:
A three-day debate began in the British House of Commons, which
resulted in Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain being replaced by Winston
Churchill.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norway_Debate>
1960:
Cold War: Nikita Khrushchev announced that the Soviet Union was
holding American pilot Francis Gary Powers, whose spy plane had been
shot down six days earlier.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960_U-2_incident>
2010:
A draft sequence of the Neanderthal genome was published,
demonstrating that today's modern humans have Neanderthal ancestors.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interbreeding_between_archaic_and_modern_humans>
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Wiktionary's word of the day:
calumny:
1. (countable) A false accusation or charge brought to tarnish another's
reputation or standing.
2. (uncountable) Falsifications or misrepresentations intended to
disparage or discredit another.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/calumny>
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Wikiquote quote of the day:
Men are generally more honest in their private than in their
public capacity, and will go greater lengths to serve a party, than when
their own private interest is alone concerned. Honour is a great check
upon mankind: But where a considerable body of men act together, this
check is, in a great measure, removed; since a man is sure to be
approved of by his own party, for what promotes the common interest; and
he soon learns to despise the clamours of adversaries.
--David Hume
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/David_Hume>
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