United States v. Washington was a case heard in the U.S. District Court
for the Western District of Washington and the U.S. Ninth Circuit Court
of Appeals. It reaffirmed the right of American Indian tribes in the
State of Washington to act with the state as co-managers of salmon and
other fish in line with treaties signed by the U.S. with the tribes. The
tribes of Washington had ceded their land, but reserved the right to
fish using traditional methods (example pictured), including at
traditional locations off the designated reservations. A 1974 decision
by federal judge George Boldt held that the tribes were entitled to half
the catch each year. In 1975 the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals upheld
this ruling, and in 1976 the U.S. Supreme Court declined to hear the
case. When the state refused to enforce the court order, Boldt ordered
the Coast Guard to enforce his rulings. In a later case, Justice John
Paul Stevens summarized: "Both sides have a right, secured by treaty, to
take a fair share of the available fish." (Full article...).
Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_v._Washington>
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Today's selected anniversaries:
1799:
Jeanne Geneviève Garnerin became the first woman to make a
parachute descent, falling 900 m (3,000 ft) in a hot-air balloon
gondola.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanne_Genevi%C3%A8ve_Garnerin>
1871:
The Criminal Tribes Act entered into force in British India,
giving law enforcement sweeping powers to arrest, control, and monitor
the movements of the members of ethnic or social communities that were
defined as "habitually criminal".
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criminal_Tribes_Act>
1984:
The Provisional Irish Republican Army detonated a bomb at the
Grand Hotel in Brighton, England, in a failed attempt to assassinate
British prime minister Margaret Thatcher and most of her cabinet.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brighton_hotel_bombing>
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Wiktionary's word of the day:
mantilla:
1. A lace veil of Spanish origin worn over a woman's hair and shoulders.
2. A woman's light cloak or cape made of silk, velvet, lace, or other
material.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mantilla>
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Wikiquote quote of the day:
If children are not introduced to music at an early age, I
believe something fundamental is actually being taken from them.
--Luciano Pavarotti
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Luciano_Pavarotti>
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