The Westminster Assembly (1 July 1643 – 1653) was a council of
theologians and members of the English Parliament appointed to
restructure the Church of England. As many as 121 ministers were called
to the Assembly, with 19 replacements added later. The Assembly worked
in the Reformed Protestant theological tradition, also known as
Calvinism. It produced new standards for church governance, a Confession
of Faith or statement of belief, two catechisms or manuals for religious
instruction, and a liturgical manual, the Directory for Public Worship,
for the Church of England and Church of Scotland. The Confession and
catechisms were adopted as doctrinal standards in the Church of Scotland
and other Presbyterian churches, where they remain normative. Amended
versions of the Confession were also adopted in Congregational and
Baptist churches in England and New England in the 17th and 18th
centuries. The Confession became influential throughout the English-
speaking world, but especially in American Protestant theology.
Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westminster_Assembly>
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Today's selected anniversaries:
1770:
Lexell's Comet passed closer to the Earth than any other comet
in recorded history, approaching to a distance of 0.015 AU.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexell%27s_Comet>
1862:
American Civil War: Confederate General Robert E. Lee
unsuccessfully launched a series of disjointed assaults on the nearly
impregnable Union position on Malvern Hill in Henrico County, Virginia.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Malvern_Hill>
1943:
Tokyo City was dissolved, with its territory divided into the
special wards of the newly created Tokyo Metropolis (Tokyo Metropolitan
Government Building pictured).
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo>
1999:
Legislative governance of Scotland was transferred from the
Scottish Office in Westminster to the Scottish Parliament.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_Parliament>
2008:
Rioting erupted in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, in response to
allegations of fraud surrounding the recent legislative elections.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_riot_in_Mongolia>
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Wiktionary's word of the day:
tortoni:
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tortoni>
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Wikiquote quote of the day:
We often have need of a profound philosophy to restore to our
feelings their original state of innocence, to find our way out of the
rubble of things alien to us, to begin to feel for ourselves and to
speak ourselves, and I might almost say to exist ourselves. Even if my
philosophy does not extend to discovering anything new, it does
nevertheless possess the courage to regard as questionable what has long
been thought true.
--Georg Christoph Lichtenberg
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Georg_Christoph_Lichtenberg>