The Oran fatwa was an Islamic legal opinion issued in 1504 to address
the forced conversion to Christianity of Muslims in the Crown of Castile
in Iberia in 1500–1502. The fatwa sets out detailed relaxations of the
sharia (Islamic law) requirements, allowing the Muslims to conform
outwardly to Christianity and perform acts that are ordinarily forbidden
in Islamic law, when necessary to survive. It includes relaxed
instructions to fulfill the ritual prayers, charity and purification,
and recommendations for how to handle obligations that violated Islamic
law, such as worshipping as Christians, performing blasphemy, and
consuming pork and wine. The fatwa enjoyed wide currency in Spain among
Muslims and Moriscos – Muslims nominally converted to Christianity
and their descendants – from the time of the first forced conversions
up to the expulsion of the Moriscos (1609–1614). The author of the
fatwa was Ahmad ibn Abi Jum'ah, a North African Islamic law scholar
(mufti) of the Maliki school.
Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oran_fatwa>
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Today's selected anniversaries:
1400:
After 175 years of rule, the Trần dynasty of Vietnam was
deposed by Hồ Quý Ly, a court official.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n_dynasty>
1889:
Mirza Ghulam Ahmad founded the Ahmadiyya Islamic religious
movement in British India.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmadiyya>
1905:
About 1,500 Cretans, led by Eleftherios Venizelos, met at the
village of Theriso to call for the island's unification with Greece,
beginning the Theriso revolt.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theriso_revolt>
1989:
Two researchers announced the discovery of cold fusion, a claim
which was later discredited.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_fusion>
2007:
Iranian military personnel seized 15 British Royal Navy
personnel, claiming that they had entered Iranian waters.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_Iranian_seizure_of_Royal_Navy_personnel>
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Wiktionary's word of the day:
uptalk:
(linguistics, intransitive) To speak with a rising intonation at the end
of a sentence, as if it were a question; to upspeak.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/uptalk>
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Wikiquote quote of the day:
The quest for certainty blocks the search for meaning. Uncertainty
is the very condition to impel man to unfold his powers.
--Erich Fromm
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Erich_Fromm>