The exact nature of Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming Dynasty
(1368–1644) of China is unclear. Analysis of the relationship is
further complicated by modern political conflicts and the application of
Westphalian sovereignty to a time when the concept did not exist. Some
Mainland Chinese scholars assert that the Ming Dynasty had unquestioned
sovereignty over Tibet, citing the Ming court's issuing of various
titles to Tibetan leaders, Tibetans' full acceptance of these titles,
and a renewal process for successors of these titles that involved
traveling to the Ming capital. Scholars within China also argue that
Tibet has been an integral part of China since the 13th century, thus a
part of the Ming Empire. But most scholars outside China say that the
relationship was one of suzerainty, that Ming titles were only nominal,
that Tibet remained an independent region outside Ming control, and that
it simply paid tribute until the reign of Jiajing (1521–1566), who
ceased relations with Tibet.
Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet_during_the_Ming_Dynasty>
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Today's selected anniversaries:
1777:
American Revolutionary War: The British suffered a decisive
defeat at the Second Battle of Saratoga, generally regarded as a turning
point in the war.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battles_of_Saratoga>
1849:
American writer Edgar Allan Poe died under mysterious
circumstances at Washington Medical College four days after being found
on the streets of Baltimore, Maryland, in a delirious and incoherent
state.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Edgar_Allan_Poe>
1944:
The Holocaust: When members of the Sonderkommando—Jewish work
units in Auschwitz—learned that they were due to be murdered, they
staged a revolt, managing to kill more than 70 SS men before being
massacred themselves.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonderkommando>
1976:
Hua Guofeng succeeded Mao Zedong as Chairman of the Communist
Party of China.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hua_Guofeng>
2006:
Russian journalist and human rights activist Anna Politkovskaya
was assassinated in the elevator of her apartment block in central
Moscow.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_Anna_Politkovskaya>
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Wiktionary's word of the day:
croggy:
A ride on the handlebars or crossbar of a bicycle.
<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/croggy>
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Wikiquote quote of the day:
Can you live without answers? All of you, ask that of yourself. Can you
live without answers? Because if you cannot, then most assuredly you
will invent your own answers and they will comfort you. And all those
who do not share your view will by their very existence strike fear and
hatred into your heart. What god blesses this?
--Steven Erikson
<https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Steven_Erikson>