You missed using effective indexes.

Let's start by getting the EXPLAIN output for your query. https://tools.wmflabs.org/tools-info/optimizer.py? doesn't seem to like the subquery for some reason, but doing it manually by running the query on one connection and doing SHOW EXPLAIN FROM on another tells us

+------+--------------------+-------------+--------+------------------------------+----------------+---------+------------+----------+------------------------------------+
| id   | select_type        | table       | type   | possible_keys                | key            | key_len | ref        | rows     | Extra                              |
+------+--------------------+-------------+--------+------------------------------+----------------+---------+------------+----------+------------------------------------+
|    1 | PRIMARY            | logging     | ALL    | type_time,times,type_action  | NULL           | NULL    | NULL       | 10809607 | Using where                        |
|    1 | PRIMARY            | page        | eq_ref | PRIMARY                      | PRIMARY        | 4       | func       |        1 | Using where                        |
|    1 | PRIMARY            | user_groups | eq_ref | PRIMARY,ug_group             | PRIMARY        | 261     | func,const |        1 | Using where; Using index           |
|    2 | DEPENDENT SUBQUERY | revision    | ref    | rev_timestamp,user_timestamp | user_timestamp | 4       | func       |       46 | Using index condition; Using where |
+------+--------------------+-------------+--------+------------------------------+----------------+---------+------------+----------+------------------------------------+

That "ALL" on the first line isn't very encouraging, nor is the estimate that it's going to have to touch 10 million rows.

Your WHERE clause is selecting on log_action and log_timestamp, for which there isn't an index in https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki/browse/master/maintenance/tables.sql. You probably meant to use log_type rather than log_action. Making that change gives a much nicer looking plan:

It's still going to be slow, though, just because it still has to touch and return tens of thousands of rows. And that slow subquery isn't going to help matters either, since it's having to do it individually for each row in the result set. You might wind up having to do the main query alone and then do the subquery in batches to merge in your client code.