And... how pronunciation and phonetic rules will sometimes play a part in how humans transliterate and put effort into translations.

"Hmm, well it sounds like you are saying Z in English to my American English ears... so I'll transcribe it as such to make it sensical for English readers"  etc. etc.

Where there has been work on phonetic mappings over the years, such as Metaphone3, what we borrowed and used in OpenRefine
https://github.com/OpenRefine/OpenRefine/blob/master/main/src/com/google/refine/clustering/binning/Metaphone3.java

Many, many rules in places all over the internet to be had and eventually encoded into functions or maps.