Charlotte Stuart (1753–1789) was the illegitimate daughter of the Jacobite pretender Prince Charles Edward Stuart, and his only child to survive infancy. Her mother was Clementina Walkinshaw, who was mistress to the Prince from 1752 until 1760. After years of abuse, Clementina left him, taking Charlotte with her. Charlotte spent most of her life in French convents, estranged from a father who refused to make any provision for her. Unable to marry, she herself became a mistress with illegitimate children, taking the Archbishop of Bordeaux as her lover. She was finally reconciled to her father in 1784, when he legitimised her and created her Duchess of Albany. She left her own children with her mother, and became her father's carer and companion in the last years of his life, before dying less than two years after him. Her three children were raised in anonymity; however, as the only grandchildren of the pretender, they have been the subject of Jacobite interest since their lineage was uncovered in the 20th century. Read the rest of this article: <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlotte_Stuart%2C_Duchess_of_Albany> _______________________________ Today's selected anniversaries: 1283: Dafydd ap Gruffydd the Prince of Wales, the last native ruler of Wales to resist English domination, was executed by drawing and quartering. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dafydd_ap_Gruffydd> 1935: Italian forces under General Emilio De Bono invaded Abyssinia during the opening stages of the Second Italo-Abyssinian War. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Bono%27s_invasion_of_Abyssinia> 1942: World War II: The first successful test of the German V-2 rocket , the world's first ballistic missile and first human artifact to achieve sub-orbital spaceflight, occurred. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V-2_rocket> 1950: Korean War: The First Battle of Maryang San, primarily pitting Australian and British forces against communist China, began. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Battle_of_Maryang_San> 1981: The Hunger Strike by Irish Republican Army prisoners at the Maze jail in Belfast ended after seven months and 10 deaths. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1981_Irish_hunger_strike> 1990: The German Democratic Republic and the Federal Republic of Germany officially joined to form the first fully sovereign united German state since the end of World War II. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany> _____________________________ Wiktionary's word of the day: fishmonger (n): 1. (UK) A shop that sells fish. 2. (UK) A person who sells fish. 3. (archaic) A pimp <http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fishmonger> ___________________________ Wikiquote quote of the day: We are forming our own Social Contract. This governance will arise according to the conditions of our world, not yours. Our world is different. Cyberspace consists of transactions, relationships, and thought itself, arrayed like a standing wave in the web of our communications. Ours is a world that is both everywhere and nowhere, but it is not where bodies live. We are creating a world that all may enter without privilege or prejudice accorded by race, economic power, military force, or station of birth. We are creating a world where anyone, anywhere may express his or her beliefs, no matter how singular, without fear of being coerced into silence or conformity. --John Perry Barlow <http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/John_Perry_Barlow>